Fichas
Anatomy sheets week 8
Fichas del conjunto (41)
- 1—
- 2What connects the pubis, ilium and ischium?Triradiate cartilage.
Fuses at around 15-17 - 3—
- 4—
- 5Which ligaments provide stability to the hip joint?Anterior: ileofemoral and pubofemoral ligament
Posterior: ischiofemoral ligament - 6Describe the gluteus maximus in terms of: -movement -nerve -spinal levels-Extends and lateral rotation
-Inferior gluteal nerve
-L5-S2
- 7Describe the gluteus medius in terms of: -movement -nerve -spinal levels-Abducts and medial rotation
-Superior gluteal nerve
-L4-S1 - 8Describe the gluteus minimus in terms of: -movement -nerve -spinal levels-Abducts and medial rotation
-Superior gluteal nerve
-L4-S1 - 9Describe the tensor fascia lata in terms of: -movement -nerve -spinal levels-Abduction and medial rotation
-Superior gluteal nerve
-L4-S1 - 10Describe the piriformis in terms of: -movement -nerve-Lateral rotation and abduction
-Nerve to piriformis
- 11Describe the obturator internus in terms of: -movement -nerve-Lateral rotation and abduction
-Nerve to obturator internus - 12Describe the gemelli (superior/inferior) in terms of: -movement -nerve-Lateral rotation and abduction
-Superior: nerve to quadratus internus
-Inferior: nerve to quadratus femoris - 13Describe the quadratus femoris in terms of: -movement -nerve-Lateral rotation
-Nerve to quadratus femoris - 14The adductors of the hip are arranged into 2 layers What are they? What muscles are in each?Superficial layer: adductor longus, gracilis
Deep layer: adductor brevis, adductor magnus, obturator externus - 15Describe the psoas major in terms of: -action -nerve-Flexion of thigh at hip and lateral flexion of vertebral column
-Anterior rami of L1-L3 - 16Describe the psoas minor in terms of: -action -nerve-Flexion of vertebral column
-Anterior rami of L3 - 17Describe the iliacus in terms of: -action -nerve-Flexion of thigh at hip joint
-Femoral nerve L2-4 - 18Describe the pectineus in terms of: -action -nerve-Adduction and flexion at hip joint
-Femoral nerve (and also obturator nerve) - 19Describe the sartorius in terms of: -action -nerve-At hip: flexor, abductor, lateral rotator
-At knee: flexor
-Femoral nerve - 20What are the various boundaries of the femoral triangle? -superior -lateral -medial -roof -baseSuperior: inguinal ligament
Lateral: medial border of sartorius muscle
Medial: medial border of adductor longus
Roof: fascia lata, skin
Base: pectineus, ilipsoas, adductor longus - 21Describe the contents of the femoral triangle-Femoral nerve
-Femoral artery
-Femoral vein
-Femoral canal (contains deep lymph nodes) - 22What are the extensors in the hip?-Semimembranosus
-Semitendinosus
-Biceps femoris (long/short head) - 23Describe the semimembranosus and semitendinosus in terms of: -action -nerveSAME ACTION/INNERVATION
-Flexion at knee
-Extension of thigh at hip
-Medial rotation of thigh at hip/leg at knee
-Tibial part of sciatic nerve - 24Describe the biceps femoris long/short head in terms of: -action -nerve-Flexion at knee
-Extends leg at hip
-Lateral rotation at hip/knee
Long head: tibial part of sciatic nerve
Short head: common fibular part of sciatic nerve - 25Why is the femoral artery important to cardiologists?-A catheter can be inserted and passed up into the heart
-Dye is injected (coronary angiogram)
-Check for blockages/narrowings - 26At which site is fracture of the hip most likely to occur?Neck of femur as there is a large amount of cancellous bone
- 27What other consequences of a posterior hip dislocation can occur?-Associated fractures of posterior lip of acetabulum
-Damage to acetabular labrum
-Sciatic nerve damage (L4-S3)
-Avascular necrosis - 28What is a waddling gait/positive Trendelenberg sign?Weakness/paralysis of abductor muscles of the hip (gluteus medius/minimus)
When standing on one leg, pelvis drops of the other side
Superior gluteal nerve is damaged - 29What happens in a 'pulled elbow'? Why is it common in children?Radial head subluxation occurs. Arm is held in pronation, and it is difficult to supinate.
Annular ligament is immature so the radial head can be pulled out of place - 30Is an X-ray needed to diagnose a 'pulled elbow'?Yes
-Mechanism of injury is unknown
-Check for supracondylar fractures - 31What muscles are involved in pronation? What is their innervation?-Pronator Teres (median nerve)
-Pronator quadratus (median nerve-anterior interosseous branch)
-Brachioradialis (radial nerve) - 32What muscles are involved in supination? What is their innervation?-Supinator (radial nerve-deep branch)
-Biceps brachii (musculocutaneous nerve) - 33Describe the procedure used to repair a pulled elbow-Hold wrist/forearm
-Turn hand to supinate it
-Put pressure at the radial head with a hand
-Slowly flex the elbow
-A faint pop will be heard when the joint is back in place
-Put arm is sling in flexed position for 2 weeks - 34What is a Pott's fracture?-Medial ligaments are damaged
-Tibia internally rotates, but foot stays planted down
-Tibia hits on fibular and the force is transmitted causing a fracture - 35What is a sprain? Signs/symptoms?Torn/damaged ligament
Pain, swelling, bruising, inability to move limb, difficulty using affected extremity - 36Describe how a posterior hip dislocation occurs ie. in a RTC-Angle of joint is changed when sititing (hip is flexed)
-Major force pushes backwards
-Posterior side of the hip is a weakness as the iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments are anterior to the hip - 37Which nerve is vulnerable to damage? Consequences if damaged?Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
-Posterior compartment of leg via tibial nerve (flexion)
-Anterior and lateral compartment of leg via common fibular nerve (extension)
-Can result in a foot drop
-Lower back referred pain - 38Which bones are vulnerable to injury at the 'temple'? Why is this life-threatening?-Behind the temple lies the pterion region (frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoidal bones join)
-This is the weakest area of the skull
-Anterior division of middle meningeal artery runs underneath the pterion. Rupture can lead to an epidural haematoma - 39Which nerves may be affected by a fractured humerus?-Ulnar (posterior to medial epicondyle)
-Radial (anterior to lateral epicondyle and radial groove)
-Median (anterior to medial epicondyle)
-Musculocutaneous (anterior to humerus) - 40What is a straddle injury of the pelvis?-Caused by compression of soft tissues against bony margins of the pelvic outlet
-Fractures both the superior and inferior pubic rami - 41What soft tissues are at risk from straddle injuries?-Injury/compression of genitalia (testes/vulvar tissue)
-Urethra
-Urinary bladder
Información
- Descripción
- Hip, thigh and bum Imaging the musculoskeletal system
- Creado por
- Dolu Falowo
- Visitas
- 49
- Valoración