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Unit 1: The Age of Discovery, Exploration, and Colonial Development
Fichas del conjunto (29)
- 1BeringiaLand bridge formerly connecting Asia and North America that is now submerged beneath the Bering Sea.
- 2Agricultural RevolutionThe gradual shift from hunting and gathering to cultivating basic food crops that occurred worldwide from 7000 to 9000 years ago.
- 3Eastern Woodland CulturesTerm given to Indians from Northeast region who lived on the Atlantic coast and supplemented farming with seasonal hunting and gathering.
- 4Columbian ExchangeThe exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas from first contact throughout the era of exploration.
- 5ConquistadoresSixteenth-century Spanish adventurers, often of noble birth, who subdued the Native Americans and created the Spanish empire in the New World.
- 6Treaty of TordesillasTreaty negotiated by the pope in 1494 that divided the world along a north-south line in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, granting Spain all lands west of the line and Portugal lands east of the line.
- 7Encomienda SystemAn exploitative system by Spanish rulers that granted conquistadors control of Native American villages and their inhabitants’ labor.
- 8Virgin of GuadelupeApparition of the Virgin Mary that has become a symbol of Mexican nationalism.
- 9Coureurs de boisFur trappers in French Canada who lived among the Native Americans.
- 10Protestant ReformationSixteenth-century religious movement to reform and challenge the spiritual authority of the Roman Catholic Church.
- 11The Spanish ArmadaSpanish fleet sent to invade England in 1588.
- 12Joint-stock companyBusiness enterprise that enabled investors to pool money for commerce and funding for colonies.
- 13House of BurgessesThe elective representative assembly in colonial Virginia.
- 14HeadrightSystem of land distribution in which settlers were granted a 50-acre plot of land from the colonial government for each servant or dependent they transported to the New World. It encouraged the recruitment of a large servile labor force.
- 15Mayflower CompactAgreement among the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower in 1620 to create a civil government at Plymouth Colony.
- 16PuritansMembers of a reformed Protestant sect in Europe and America that insisted on removing all vestiges of Catholicism from religious practice.
- 17Great MigrationMigration of 16000 Puritans from England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony during the 1630s.
- 18AntinomianismReligious belief rejecting traditional moral law as unnecessary for Christians who possess saving grace and affirming that a person could experience divine revelation and salvation without the assistance of formally trained clergy.
- 19QuakersMembers of a radical religious group, formally known as the Society of Friends, that rejects formal theology and stress each person’s “inner light”, a spiritual guide to righteousness.
- 20Indentured servantPersons who agreed to serve a master for a set number of years in exchange for the cost of transport to America. Indentured servitude was the dominant form of labor in the Chesapeake colonies before slavery.
- 21YeomenSouthern small landholders who owned no slaves, and who lived primarily in the foothills of the Appalachian and Ozark mountains.
- 22Royal African CompanySlaving company created in meet colonial planters’ demands for black laborers.
- 23MercantilismMercantilism assumed that the supply of wealth was fixed. To increase its wealth, a nation needed to export more goods than it imported. Favorable trade and protective economic policies and colonial possessions rich in raw materials were important in achieving this balance.
- 24Enumerated goodsRaw materials, such as tobacco, sugar, and rice, that were produced in British colonies and under the Navigation Acts had to be shipped only to England or its colonies.
- 25Navigation ActsCommercial restrictions that regulated colonial commerce to favor England’s accumulation of wealth.
- 26Bacon’s RebellionAn armed rebellion in Virginia (1675-1676) led by Nathaniel Bacon against the colony’s royal governor, Sir William Berkeley.
- 27Dominion of New EnglandIncorporation of the New England colonies under a single appointed royal governor that lasted from 1686-1689.
- 28Glorious RevolutionReplacement of James II by William III and Mary II as English monarchs in 1688, marking the beginning of constitutional monarchy in Britain.
- 29Spectral evidenceIn the Salem witch trials, the court allowed reports of dream and visions in which the accused appeared as the devil’s agent to be introduced as testimony. The accused had no defense against this kind of “evidence”. When the judges later disallowed this testimony, the executions for witchcraft ended.
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- U.S. History 1301 Fichas sobre Unit 1: The Age of Discovery, Exploration, and Colonial Development, creado por haley.junkmail el 23/06/2013.
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