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Staphylococcus Aureus - HPA
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- 1What is Staphylococcus AureusGram positive cocci which is found in the normal flora of the body: found in the nose, respiratory tract, and on the skin.
Cause of infection in both healthy people in the community and in patients in healthcare institutions. - 2Gram positive bacteria?(gram stain) the thick peptidoglycan layer in the bacterial cell wall retains the stain after it is washed away from the rest of the sample
- 3Incidence of bacteraemia associatedIn 2015–16, 1,440 cases of hospital-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) were reported in Australian public hospitals
- 4ReservoirInfected individuals
Contaminated objects - especially those with porous surfaces on which MRSA can live for weeks - 5Portal of exitNasal passages
Infected wound
Sputum in cough
Skin - 6Mode of transmissionDirect contact with infected person/contaminated object
Debate over whether it can be airborne - 7Portal of entryBroken skin
Mucous membranes
GIT (food poisoning)
Respiratory tract - 8Susceptible hostAnyone who comes into contact with infected person/contaminated object is susceptible
People with atopic dermatitis are at a higher risk of skin infection due to break-down in skin barrier
Young & old people are at a higher risk of serious infection - 9PathogenesisExample of opportunistic wound infection:
An individual with staphylococcus aureus in their nose uses their hand to wipe secretions from the nasal cavity and forgets to wash their hands.
They then scratch a recent cut on their leg, causing it to bleed again - grabbing a tissue to stem the bleeding, they then use the unwashed hand with staphylococcus aureus to place a plaster on top. The bacteria are then able to enter the wound. The incubation period of staphylococci bacteria is variable but generally between 4 - 6 days. Bacterial load increases as bacteria reproduce inside the wound. The bacteria also release several exotoxins. This response causes an inflammatory response as the body attempts to fight off the infection. The release of prostaglandins and histamines causes a rise in core temperature as well as localised oedema, heat, redness and pain. As the bacteria grow and destroy healthy tissue wound exudate becomes purulent as it contains a mixture of cellular debris and bacteria. - 10Breaking the cycleBy treating individuals infected with effective antibiotics - identifying the bacteria quickly
Sterilizing contaminated objects/surfaces
Isolating individuals affected by pneumonia if necessary
Avoiding contact with affected individual
Practicing hand hygiene
Infection control
Appropriate waste disposal
Wearing PPE when coming into contact with affected patients - 11MedicationTo prevent bacteraemia and sepsis, antibiotics must be given. This can prove difficult as staphylococcus aureus can be resistant to many antibiotics.
Antibiotics:
Vancomycin (1st option)
Linezolid
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- El usuario ha eliminado su información de asignaturas Fichas sobre Staphylococcus Aureus - HPA, creado por Usuario eliminado el 09/06/2018.
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- Creado por Em J · 9 jun 2018
- Copiado por Em J · 9 jun 2018
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