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A Level Physical Education - Commercialisation of Sport
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- 1What is commercialisation? Give examples of the commercialisation of sport.Commercialisation - the treating of sport as a commodity, involving the buying and selling of assets with the market as the driving force behind sport
E.g Chelsea kit deal worth £60m, transfer of players - 2Define the term sponsorship, giving examples.Sponsorship is the provision of funds or other forms of support to an individual or event in return for some commercial return
e.g Man Utd - Chevrolet sponsorship worth $80m year
Olympics has been sponsored by Coca Cola since 1928 - 3Define the term advertisement - giving examplesPaying for the ability to promote the business on a type of media
E.g - panel advertisements next to football pitches, or half-time advertisements. - 4Define the term endorsement.Giving the approval to a product or service and receiving payment in return
e.g Ronaldo endorses Nike, Anthony Joshua endorses Under Armour - 5Give a limitation to having endorsements.-Those endorsing the product/service may end up endorsing the company inappropriately - Manny Pacquiao Nike deal scrapped due to cotroversial opinion on homosexuality
e.g Lance Armstrong took drugs, and ended up losing endorsement deals. - 6State some ethical issues surrounding the sponsorship of sport.-Some deem the Coca Cola/Cadbury sponsorship of the Olympics to be unethical as it does not promote healthy living
-Certain sponsorships may promote unhealthy habits. - 7Define the term naming rights, and give examples.This is a form of advertising in which a corporation or entity purchases the right to name a facility or event.
E.g 'Emirates Stadium', 'Emirates FA Cup', 'Barclays Premier League', 'Carabao Cup' - 8Sponsorship can be seen as beneficial for sport. Give arguments supporting this statement.-Provides funds for better facilities, improves performance, enhances viewing experience for spectators - Emirates Stadium renowned as one of the best stadiums in the Premier League
-Allows greater exposure of teams/individuals as well as the company - expands fanbase e.g American sponsor of Man Utd, Chevrolet, allows expansion of their fanbase to the US
-some sports events not possible without the help of sponsors e.g 1984 'Hamburger Olympic Games'
-Provides funds to support the grass roots of sport e.g football academies for upcoming talents. - 9Sponsorship can be seen as NOT beneficial for sport. Give arguments supporting this statement.-Loss of tradition
-Loss of values in sport e.g League Cup now named Carabao Cup - seen as worthless now - St. James Park was to be named Sports Direct Stadium - angered fans.
-Directs attention to money instead of the actual sport
-Fans may lose interest as they may feel as if their team has become only about profit - 10What is the Sports Golden Triangle? What does this model suggest?The link between sports events, sponsorship by businesses, and the media. This model suggests that sport, media, and sponsorships are linked and that without one, the other two cannot survive.
This emerged after the 1984 Olympic Games - inspired + influenced by Peter Ueberroth - 11What is the term used to describe this kind of relationship?Symbiotic relationship - one cannot survive without the other.
- 12What does the term franchise mean? Give an example in terms of sport.-This is the authorisation given by a league to own a sports team. It is the contractual right granted to any person (s) to own or operate a sports team.
e.g David Beckham creating a new team in the MLS based in Miami. - 13What does the term Franchise Shifting mean?-This is when the team moves from where it originated e.g in 1958 Brooklyn Dodgers (NY) moved to LA and became the Los Angeles Dodgers.
- 14What are the possible benefits as well as downsides to this?-Bigger fanbase
-More profit therefore more money
-Loss of fans where it was previously situated
-Change of name leads to loss of historical value. - 15Explain the relationship between sport, the media, and sponsorship.The more exciting the media can make an event, the larger the audience they will attract, and thus more money can be charged for TV advertising, creating more sponsorship opportunities.
- 16State the basis in the History of the Olympic Games.-1st Modern Olympics held in Athens 1896
Founded by Baron Pierre De Coubertin - 17What was Pierre De Coubertin's moral rule for the Olympics?-No kind of demonstration or political, religious or racial propaganda is permitted in the Olympic Areas
- 18Give examples of Olympic events that did not promote this.Berlin 1936 - Propaganda Games.
1968 Mexico Games - Black Power Salute - protest against racism in the US
Munich 1972 Games - resulted in the death of 11 Israeli athletes - 8 Palestinian terrorists broke into the Olympic Village. - 19The Montreal Olympic Games in 1976 led to massive financial issues, explain this in more detail.-Led to a total debt of $1.5 billion dollars due to the cost of building the Olympic facilities
-debt had to be repaid by the people of Quebec via taxation
-debt finally repaid in 2006 - 20After the financial disaster of Montreal 1976, only Los Angeles bid to host the Olympic Games, why was this?-Too much financial responsibility caused by the Olympics
-Benefits of hosting the Olympics did not seem to outweigh the downfalls. - 21Peter Ueberroth was brought in by the Olympic committee to make the Games financially viable for the city. How did he generate money to fund this?-Brought in sponsors and broadcasting
-Made the Olympics exclusive - reduced the amount that could sponsor to only 30 - this drove sponsor bids higher
-Ueberroth had sealed bids. - 22How much profit did the 1986 Hamburger Games make?$215 million.
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- Fichas sobre A Level Physical Education - Commercialisation of Sport, creado por Czean Holgado el 26/10/2018.
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