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Statistics Chapter 1- Planning Data Collection
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- 1What is a hypothesis?A hypothesis is a statement that might be true or false but you haven't got enough evidence to support it either way yet. A hypothesis must be testable
- 2What are the stages of planning an investigation?1)Planning - Choose your hypothesis, what data to collect and how to record and use it
2)Collecting data - choose data sources and collection methods,identifying any constraints
3)Processing and presenting data - choose diagrams and measures, considering use of technology
4)Interpreting results - plan analysis in order too draw conclusions and make predictions
5) Communicating results clearly and evaluating methods - being aware of target audience - 3What are some constraints at the planning stage?Time, Costs, Ethical issues, Confidentiality, Covenience
- 4What is raw data?Raw data is data that is unprocessed, hasn't been processed (edited) in any way
- 5What is quantitative data?Quantitative data measures quantities, is anything you can measure with a number.
- 6What is qualitative dataQualitative data is data that is descriptive, is data that uses words to describe it and doesn't use any numbers
- 7What is discrete data?Discrete data is data that can be measured exactly, if the data is something that is countable in whole numbers or can only take individual values is discrete data
- 8What is continuous data?Continuous data is data that can take any value in an interval, if your data is something that could always be more accurately measured,it's continuous data, height for example.
- 9What is a categorical scale?Categorical scales gives names or numbers to classes of qualitative data so that the data can be more easily processed. The numbers are only used for labelling classes and do not have any other meaning
- 10What is an ordinal scale?Ordinal (or rank) scales give numbers to the classes, which can be ordered in a meaningful way.
- 11What is bi variate data?Bivariate data is data that is made up of two (bi-) variables(-variate).
A variable is anything that can be measured and may change - 12What is multi-variate dataMultivariate data is data made up of more than 2 variables.
- 13Why do we simplify data?Because it makes it easier to pick out useful information and spot patterns in the data
- 14Give an example of simplifying data?Combining categories - You can combine categories by totalling the data - this helps you spot general trends
- 15What can you split data into and what is the range of a class called?Into classes and the range of class is called a class interval.
- 16What are the values at the top and bottom of the classes called, and what is class width and how to calculate it?Upper and lower bounds or class limits. Class width is the difference between the lower boundary of one group and the lower boundary of the next group.
- 17What are the pros of grouping data?1) Grouping puts the data in a form that is still easy to read and process.
2) you can see patterns and compare different classes. - 18What are cons of grouping data?1)You lose some accuracy of the data because you don't know what the exact data values are anymore
2)This means that calculations such as the mean are only estimates and diagrams can be misleading - 19What can sometimes happen when rounding continuous data?Sometimes a rounded value could end up in a different class and distort the data.
- 20What is primary data give some examplesPrimary data is data that you have collected yourself for example questionnaires, interviews and experiments
- 21Pros of primary data?1)You can gather data that directly relates and tests your hypothesis
2)You have complete control over your method of collection so you know how reliable the data is - 22Cons of primary data1)Some methods have reliability issues e.g. people might lie on a questionnaire
2) it can often cost a lot of time and money
3)It could be difficult or impossible to collect your own data e.g. from celebs - 23What is secondary data and its pros:Data that someone else has collected
1)It can be easier to get hold of
2)You can gather data quickly and cheaply
3)Data sets are often bigger than you can collect on your own - 24Cons of secondary data1)It might be in the wrong format or rounded.
2)It could be difficult to find data that matches your hypothesis exactly
3)You dont know how accurate the data is-it might be biased or collected poorly - 25What is a population and a census?Population: The group you want to find out about
Census: Investigates every member of the population - 26What is sampling and a sample frame:a sample is a small part or quantity intended to show what the whole is like.
a sampling frame is a list of the population
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- Fichas sobre Statistics Chapter 1- Planning Data Collection, creado por xavier mirza el 07/01/2019.
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