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Oil & Gas Geology Terms
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- 1AnticlineAn elongate fold in which the sides or limbs slope downward away from the crest
- 2BedA specific layer of earth or rock separated by visually or physically-defined boundary planes from the layers of different material lying above, below, or adjacent to it
- 3BedrockThe more or less solid, undisturbed rock in place either at the surface or beneath superficial deposits of gravel, sand, or soil
- 4BentoniteA soft, porous rock consisting largely of silica and composed essentially of clay minerals
- 5CaprockThe impermeable rock overlying an oil or gas reservoir that prevents the migration of the oil or gut out of the reservoir
- 6Carbonate rockA rock consisting chiefly of carbonate minerals, such as limestone or dolomite
- 7ConglomerateA cemented clastic rock containing transported rock fragments of gravel or pebble size. Also known as puddingstone.
- 8Connate waterWater that is contained within a rock formation, and that was originally entrapped in the interstice of the rock material at the time the material was deposited
- 9Crude oilLiquid petroleum in its natural state in an underground reservoir or as it merges from a well, or after it passes through a separator, but prior to any refining or distilling process
- 10DolomiteA carbonate sedimentary rock composed mainly of the mineral dolomite
- 11DomeAn anticlinal uplift approximated circular or elliptical in shape
- 12Effective PermeabilityA measure of the ability of a particular fluid to flow through a rock
- 13Effective PorosityThe portion of pore space in saturated permeable material in which movement of fluids take place
- 14EolianPertaining to the wind; a designation for rocks and soils whose constituents have been transported and deposited by atmospheric currents
- 15FaultA break in the materials of the earth's crust in which there has been movement parallel with the surface along which the break occurs
- 16Fault PlaneAn approximately planar surface along which dislocation or faulting has taken place
- 17Fault ZoneA zone in which there are a number of more or less closely spaced faults
- 18FieldA geographical area in which a number of oil or gas wells produce from a continuous reservoir. There may be a number of separate reservoirs at various depths within a single field
- 19FloodplainA strip of relatively smooth land bordering a stream, built of sediment carried by the stream and deposited in the slack water beyond the influence of the swiftest current during flooding
- 20FoldA bend or flexure in a layer or layers of rock
- 21FractureA line where a rock has broken due to folding or faulting
- 22GeologyThe science that deals with the origin, composition, structure, and history of the world
- 23GrabenA long, narrow block of the Earth's crust that has been relatively depressed by normal faults along the sides
- 24Ground waterSubsurface water in a zone of saturation
- 25HorstA long, narrow block of the Earth's crust that has been relatively uplifted between normal faults along the sides
- 26Igneous rockRock formed by the solidification of hot, mobile, rock material (magma)
- 27LacustrinePertaining to, produced by, or formed in a lake or lakes
- 28LimestoneA sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate
- 29MagmaHot, mobile rock material generated with the earth, from which igneous rock is formed through cooling and crystallization
- 30Metamorphic rockRock that is formed from original igneous, sedimentary, or older metamorphic rock through alterations produced by pressure , heat, or the infiltration of other materials at depths below the surface zones of weathering and cementation
- 31Natural GasA highly compressible gas, highly expansible mixture of hydrocarbons having a low specific gravity occurring naturally in a gaseous form
- 32Oil poolThe accumulation of oil in the pores of sedimentary rock that yields petroleum on drilling
- 33Oil sandA sandstone that yields oil
- 34Oil shaleBroadly, any of a number of sedimentary materials that have the common property of yielding oil by distillation
- 35OrganicBeing, containing, or relating to carbon compounds, usually derived from the remains of plant and animal life
- 36OutcropA part of a body of rock that appears, bare and exposed at the surface of the ground
- 37PangeaA hypothetical supercontinent early in the geological past, composed of all the earth crust at the time, and from which the present continents were formed by fragmentation and displacement
- 38PermeabilityThe measure of a rock's ability to transmit fluids
- 39PetroleumOil or gas obtained from the rocks of the earth
- 40Plate tectonicsBranch of geology that affirms the existence of large blocks of continental and oceanic crust floating on viscous material in the mantle of the earth
- 41Pore spaceThe volume of holes or voids in a rock
- 42PorosityThe ratio of the voids or pores in a rock to its total volume or size
- 43ReliefThe variations in the elevation of land surface considered collectively
- 44ReservoirA subsurface, porous, permeable rock body in which oil and/or gas is stored
- 45Rock cycleThat series of events included in the formation, alteration, destruction, and reformation of rocks, and usually involving one or more of the following processes: erosion, transportation, deposition lithification, and metamorphism
- 46Salt domea more or less circular uplift of sedimentary rocks caused by the pushing up of a body of salt
- 47SandstoneA compacted sedimentary rock with common physical characteristics
- 48Sedimentary rockRock that is composed of sediment: mechanical, chemical or organic. It is formed through the agency of water, wind, glacial ice, or organisms, and is deposited at the surface of the earth at ordinary temperatures
- 49ShaleA fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of consolidated silt and clay or mud
- 50StrataSections of sedimentary formations that consist of the same type of rock
- 51Structural trapA petroleum trap that is formed because of deformation of the rock layer that contains petroleum
- 52SunsidenceThe gradual downward settling or sinking of the earth's surface
- 53SynclineA fold that is concave upward
- 54TectonicPertaining to the rock structures and external forms resulting from the deformation of the earth's crust
- 55Tight formationA petroleum formation of relatively low porosity and permeability
- 56Tight sandA sand with such little pore space, or with the pore space so filled with clay or cementing material that oil and water cannot pass through
- 57TrapAn arrangement of rock strata or structures that halts the migration of oil or gas and causes them to accumulate
- 58ViscosityThe property of a substance offering resistance to flow
- 59VugA cavity in a rock
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- Fichas sobre Oil & Gas Geology Terms, creado por s_viola8 el 09/01/2015.
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