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Chapter 2 Vocabulary: Civics

Esmeralda Mendoza Civics 10 Inglés 39 fichas

Fichas del conjunto (39)

1ParliamentThe British legislature
2legislaturea group of people that makes laws
3Precedenta ruling that is used as the basis for a judicial decision in a later, similar case
4common lawa system of law based on precedent and customs
5compactan agreement, or contract, among a group of people
6town meetinga gathering of local citizens to discuss and vote on important issues
7mercantilismthe theory that a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys
8boycottthe refusal to purchase certain goods
9congressa formal meeting at which representatives discuss matters of common concern
10independenceself-reliance and freedom from outside control
11confederationa group of individuals or states that band together for a common purpose
12Magna CartaGreat Charter signed in 1215 by King John; limited the power of the monarch and recognized rights of the nobles
13Glorious Revolution1688 the peaceful transfer of power in history of England: Parliament removed King James II from throne and invited his daughter Mary and her husband William to rule instead
14English Bill Of Rightsin English history guaranteed free elections, the right to a fair trial, and made cruel and unusual punishment illegal
15natural rightsrights you are born with-life, liberty & property
16social contractagreement between the people (the governed) and the government; People agree to give up part of their freedom to govt. in exchange for protection of natural rights
17Baron de Montesquieuphilosopher who came up with "separation of powers"
18Enlightenmentduring the 1700's & 1800's movement that spread the idea that reason and science could improve society
19Mayflower Compactdocument signed by passengers of Mayflower; created a direct democracy in the New World; also represents idea of a social contract
20House of Burgessesbicameral legislature in Jamestown, Virginia; also was the first representative democracy in the New World
21Proprietary colonycolony owned by a person who controlled the land and govt.
22royal colonycolony owned by and ruled directly by the king
23indentured servanta person who agreed to work for a period of 7b years to pay off the cost of their passage to the colonies
24triangular tradetrade between Europe, Africa and the Americas; slaves from Africa were transported to the Americas and traded for sugar and molasses
25Middle Passagethe journey across the Atlantic Ocean mae by slave ships
26salutary neglectsometimes called healthy or useful neglect meant England did not strictly enforce its laws in the colonies
27French Indian Waralso called the Seven Years War between England and France; because of war debt England began to tax the colonies
28"no taxation without representation"slogan that summed up the colonists anger over taxes and the fact the colonies were NOT allowed to send representatives to Parliament
29Boston MassacreMarch 5, 1770 British soldiers opened fire on a crowd killing 5 American colonists; event fueled the Americans hatred for the British
30Stamp Acta tax on printed materials such as legal documents, mail, newspapers, etc
31Boston Tea Partycolonists some dressed as Indians sneaked aboard British ships and dumped 90,000 pounds of tea into the Boston Harbor
32Intolerable Actsalso known as the Coercive Acts; these acts (laws) punished the Boston colonists for the Boston Tea Party; the Boston port was closed to trade and a new Quartering Act
33Quartering Actpart of the Intolerable Acts; act that required colonist to house and feed British soldiers
34Common Sensepamphlet written by Thomas Pained that was widely read in the colonies; said colonies should be free and independent
35Battle of Lexington and Concord"shot heard around the world"; first battle of the Revolutionary War
36Second Continental Congressmeeting of colonial delegates in May 1775; a committee of 5 men were appointed to write a document declaring American Independence
37Declaration of Independencethe document addressed to King George II of England that declared American Independence
38Thomas Jeffersonchief author of the D.O.I
39John LockeEnglish philosopher whose natural rights philosophy was a BIG influence on Thomas Jefferson