Fichas
HCI 1
Fichas del conjunto (50)
- 1Low fidelity prototypesCheap, Simple & a early prototype of a product/design
- 2AffordancesEasily translates goals in to action, It is obvious how a control is used.
- 3POBAPerception, opinions, beliefs & attitudes
- 4The Nuremberg CodeIt is an ethics code that was adopted following the trails of Nazi physicians of crimes against humanity
- 5User-centered design cycleIs an iterative design process in which designers focus on the users and their needs in each phase of the design process
- 6Hi-FI prototypeIs where a product begins to take shape. Using mockups with color and content, designers can create hi-fi prototypes that look and function as close to the final product as possible.
- 7Iterative processRefers to a systematic, repetitive, and recursive process in qualitative data analysis. An iterative approach involves a sequence of tasks carried out in exactly the same manner each time and executed multiple times.
- 8Cultural probesAre an approach to qualitative user research where face-to-face research is impractical or inappropriate. They consist of prompts, questions and instructions along with artifacts for recording thoughts and feelings. The artifacts may be as simple as a diary or as elaborate as a single-use camera.
- 9Technology probesT echnology probes are simple, flexible, adaptable technologies with three interdisciplinary goals: the social science goal of understanding the needs and desires of users in a real-world setting, the engineering goal of field-testing the technology, and the design goal of inspiring users and researchers to think about ...
- 10Iterativeterative refers to a systematic, repetitive, and recursive process in qualitative data analysis. An iterative approach involves a sequence of tasks carried out in exactly the same manner each time and executed multiple times.
- 11What is the de diffrent steps in the user centerd desgin proces?Plan → Research → design → Adapt → Measure
- 12What questions should be asked and answerd when starting the proces?Who are your users?
What are their needs?
What do they want?
How do they currently do things?
How would they like to do them? - 13What are some exaples of good desgin?- Easy, natural & engaging interaction
- Usefulness is often context dependent
- Users can carry out their required tasks
- Accounts for human limitations - 14Name five diffrent structurs?Law of proximity
Law of similarity
Law of closure
Law of continuity
Law of symmetry - 15Name some common desgin mistakes.Featurism
Machine oriented
Premature product release
“Next bench” design
Designer is not the user
Technical and human-oriented skills - 16Name three principles.Early focus on users and tasks
Empirical measurement of product usage
Iterative design (There is no straight line to success) - 17What does "Emperical" mean?The definition of empirical is something that is based solely on experiment or experience. An example of empirical is the findings of dna testing
- 18How are the people that we need to please when degining?1. Users = they are the onece using the product
2. The comapny = they are the one selling the product and are paying us
3. Marketer = They are the one promting the product - 19What is the "Waterfall method"?The Waterfall methodology—also known as the Waterfall model—is a sequential development process that flows like a waterfall through all phases of a project (analysis, design, development, and testing, for example), with each phase completely wrapping up before the next phase begins.
- 20What´s Interative development?Iterative development of user interfaces involves steady refinement of the design based on user testing and other evaluation methods. Typically, one would complete a design and note the problems several test users have using it.
- 21What is the "cirekel of life" and what are the diffrent stages ?Plan = doing: stakeholder interviews → Output: Business requirements: Goals, target audience, Competitors, Brand vision Etc.
Research = doing: User research → Output: Motivations, Goals, Needs, triggers, preferences Etc. → Personas, Scenario, Etc.
Design = Ideation → Output: Workflow, Wireframes, Prototypes, Architecture, Etc.
Adapt = doing: Implementation → Output: Visual design, development & technical testing.
Measure = Doing: evolution → Output: User testing: Usability, user experience 6 Etc. - 22How is de diffrent stages dependet on each other?The design output is then based on the research result, the adapt stage is based on the design stage, the measure phase is then based on the answers in the research stage and the adapt phase.
- 23How do you deside the goal?1. Collect issues
2. Prioritize the goals
Then rewrite the priorities as questions - 24Explain a bit about the isuess and where to find them.Collecting isuess
(diffrent department have diffrent issues)
Identify stakeholders
Every department (even within a department will have different priorities
Ceo → Optimize revenue
marketing → Strong branding
Programmers → Bug free code
Customer relations → Minimize customer complaints
Not all priorities will benefit the end-user - 25How do you deside the priority of isuess/goals?Importance X severity = priority
- 26What are goals?Priorities as questions = Goals
- 27What is important when making a reserch schedual?- Integrate schedules
- Adapt priorities
- Big issues first
- General methods first - 28Name interviews Lifecycel, advantages and dissadvantages.Lifecycle stage: Task & environment analysis, early design
Main advantages: flexible, in-depth attitude and experience probing
Main disadvantages: Time- consuming, Har to analyze and compare - 29Name Think aloud´s lifecycel, advantages and dissadvantages.Lifecycle stage: Formative evaluation, iterative design
Main advantages: Unnatural for users, Hard for users to verbalize.
variations: peer tutoring, Co-discovering - 30Name Focus groups lifecycel, advantages and dissadvantages.POBA talk: Perception, opinions, beliefs & attitudes
Lifecycle stage: Early development, feature definition, user involvement
Main advantages: Spontaneous reactions (priorities, desires, anecdotes) and group dynamic
Main disadvantages: Groupthink, Social demand characteristics. Desire vs needs. - 31Name Observations lifecycel, advantages, dissadvantages & Variations.Life Cycle stages: Task and environment analysis, followup studies
Main advantages: Ecological validity; reveals users real tasks. Suggests functions and features.
Main disadvantages: No experimenter control. Intrusive. Experiments can affect user behavior. Time Consuming data analysis.
Variations: Participatory observation - 32Name User tests lifecycel, advantages and dissadvantages.Lifecycle stage: Competitive analysis, benchmarking, Final testing
Main advantages: Control study, Quantitative data, Results easy to interpret and compare (benchmarking). Replicable.
Main disadvantage: Low generalizability. Tasks are often artificial and restricted. Time- intensive. - 33Name Surveys lifecycel, advantages and dissadvantages.Lifecycle stage: Early design, follow up studies.
Main advantage: Finds subjective user preferences. Quantitative description of audience demographics. Easy to repeat (large groups) & to analyze. anonymity.
Main disadvantages: Questionnaire development is time intensive: item construction, scale construction, establishing reliability and validity - pilot tests required. sample bias: who wil respond? response bias. No further probing possible (i.e., you can not ask why?) - 34Name Probes/diary studies lifecycel, advantages, dissadvantages & Variations.Lifecycle stage: Environment analisis, early design stages.
Main advantage: In context. Over time. Personalized. Rich design inspiration.
Main disadvantages: Little control. Response bias. Hard (if not possible) to analyse.
Variations: cultural probes (Gaver), technology probes (Inter Living) - 35What is log file analysis?Log file analysis is a technical SEO task that lets you see exactly how Googlebot (and other web crawlers and users) interacts with your website. A log file gives you valuable insights that can inform your SEO strategy or solve problems surrounding the crawling and indexing of your web pages
- 36What do you do in the eraly desgin & requirment gathering stage?Internal discovery
Survey
Log file analysis
user profiling
usability testing of existing products
Contextual inquiry/task analysis
Focus group - 37What do you do in the Development & design stage?Usability testing
- 38What do you do after the release of teh product?Surveys and log files
Diary studies
Contextual inquiry - 39What is importent to think about when budgeting?- Staff time (hourly rate)
- Recruiting and incentive cost
- Equipment cost (incl. location rental)
- Incentives differ depending on user population - 40As a rule of thump how much of the development cost should be spent on user centered reserch?As a rule of thumb, user centered research can be estimated at around 10% of the total development cost.
- 41What is important to think about when making the reserch plan format?Set expectations: be realistic, don't oversell
Who is doing what when?
Specific for short term, more general for long-term and specify goals
Specify outputs: these should be tangible, measurable deliverables
- reports, presentations - 42What is important to think about when it comes to competetive reserch?1. There are always competitors
Changes in competitors products
2. Learn from their mistakes
3. Producing requirements
4. Redesigning - 43What should we think about when makinga a profile for our recruting?Age
Gender
Education
Income
Technology experience
Etc - 44Where should we start recruting w?- Typaical users
Start with friends and family
Parents, colleagues, housemates, … - 45Where else can we also recruite?Community mailing lists, bulletin boards
(corporate/university) neighbors
users of your current products
New employees
Paste research participants
Ads on the web or in newspapers
Local Housing complex
Flyer
Website/formus - 46Give a few wxample of what we shoudl think about and be aware of when recruting?1. Newer span!
2. Be careful of “next-bench” recruiting.
3. Keep track of which recruiting techniques work well
4. Regularly update your participant database
(Keep track of “good participants, delete “bad” ones.)
5. Be careful with repeat recruits within a short timeframe
6. Professional recruiters can be useful when time is short
(However, they do not know your business like you do)
7. Personal data should be kept in accordance with existing laws and legislation around personal privacy and data protection. - 47What shoudl we do and what is importante when schedualing)1. Define scheduling window
2. Write and send invitations
- Be clear about the goal of the study without giving too much detail
- Be clear about the time/date, location, incentive
- Be clear about voluntary nature of the study and protection of personal privacy
3. Confirm and reconfirm
4. Scheduled potential backup candidates - 48What can be pitfalls when recruting and schedualing?1. Recruting the wrong people
2. No-shows
3. Double scheduling
4. Bias
Be aware of the potential bias in your sample: a truly random sample is impossible!
5. Anonymity of your company
6. bad choice of building and bad space preparation
“Everyone they meet should be expecting them” - 49What is heuristic evaluation?A heuristic evaluation is a method of inspecting and evaluating the usability of a website, or product. You may also hear it referred to as a “usability audit” or an “expert
- 50What is the Wizard of Oz methodology?Wizard of Oz (WoZ) is a method where participants interact with a system that they believe to be autonomous, but in reality, is controlled by an unseen human operator in the next room