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Physiology Defintions Year 2 Test 2
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- 1Haematocrit (HCT) Reference Value:Female 4.0 - 5.4 .10(12).L-1
Male 4.6 - 6.2 .10(12).L-1 - 2pH of arterial blood7.45
- 3pH of venous blood7.35
- 4Definition: NormovolemiaNormal Blood Volume
- 5Definition:HypervolemiaAbnormally increased volume of blood
- 6Definition: HypovolemiaAbnormally decreased volume of blood
- 7Definition: NormocythaemiaNormal condition of the RBC
- 8Definition: OligocythaemiaA reduction in the RBC
- 9Definition: PolicythaemiaAbnormal increase in RBC
- 10Definition: AcidosisPathological condition characterized by an Increase in hydrogen ion concentration (Decrease in pH)
- 11Definition: AlcalosisPathological condition characterized by an Decrease in hydrogen ion concentration (Increase in pH)
- 12Definition: HypoproteinoemiaDeficiency of protein in the blood.
- 13Rules of blood transfusion: 1. 2. 3.Determination of the blood types of Donor and Recipient with test sera
Direct Cross matching:
1st Stage: Serum of R + blood of D >No Agl
2nd Stage: Serum D + Blood R > No Agl
Biological Testing - Monitor occurrence of symptoms. - 14Symptoms of adverse Transfusion reaction:Chills, Headache, Shivering, Jaundice, Waist pain
- 15Composition of Whole Blood:55% Plasma
45% Cells - 16Composition of Blood Plasma10% Dry Residue Solids
90% Water - 17Composition of the 10% Dried Plasma Residue0.9% Salts
1.5% Organic Sub Fibrogen
2.7% Globulins
4.5% Albumins - 18Blood transfusion of a different but compatible group may be performed as; How much Whole Blood?up to 500ml of Whole Blood
- 19Blood transfusion of a different but compatible group may be performed as; How much RBC (Include ratio titer)Up to 1000 ml of RBC;
When the titer of the different agglutinins is below 1:16 (at this dilution the incompatible antibodies do not agglutinate the RBC of the recipient). - 20Fundamental principle of blood transfusion:Recipient's plasma does not agglutinate donor's RBC.
- 21How much plasma can we transfuse if the Hemacrit is 0.4 - 0.5 (50%) -250ml
- 22Hemacrit DefintionRatio of volume electrolyte mass to volume of whole blood.
- 23Physiological Components of HaemOxyhaemaglobin
Carbonin/Haemglobin - 24RBC Reference Value4 to 5.2 . 10(12) . L-1
- 25Heme groupO2
- 26Globin GroupCO2
- 27Hemoglobin Reference ValueFemale: 120 - 160 g.L-1
Male: 140 - 180 g.L-1 - 28Erythrocyte Reference ValueFemale: 4.0 - 5.4 .10(12).L-1
Male: 4.6 - 6.2 .10(12).L-1 - 29Define ErythrocytosisRefers to a documented increase of red cell mass
- 30Define ElectropeniaDecrease in RBC
- 31AnemiaElectropenia And/Or Hypoglobnia
- 32Define Differential Blood CountThe blood differential test measures the percentage of each type of white blood cell (WBC) that you have in your blood.
- 33Reference Value - Leucocytes3.50 - 10.50 .10(9). L-1
- 34Reference Value - Platelets (Thrombocytes)140 - 400 .10(9).L-1
- 35Define LeucocytosisAn increase in the number of white cells in the blood
- 36Define LeucopeniaA Decrease in the number of white cells in the blood
- 37Define LymphocytosisLymphocytosis is an increase in the number or proportion of lymphocytes in the blood. In absolute lymphocytosis, the total lymphocyte count is elevated.
- 38Define LymphopeniaLymphocytopenia, or lymphopenia, is the condition of having an abnormally low level of lymphocytes in the blood.
- 39Define MonocytosisMonocytosis is an increase in the number of monocytes circulating in the blood. Monocytes are white blood cells that give rise to macrophages and dendritic cells in the immune system.
- 40Define Eosinophiliaan increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood, occurring in response to some allergens, drugs, and parasites, and in some types of leukaemia.
- 41Define ThrombocytosisPresence of high platelet counts in the blood
- 42Define Thrombocytopeniadeficiency of platelets in the blood. This causes bleeding into the tissues, bruising, and slow blood clotting after injury.
- 43Define ImmunityAbility of an organisim to recognize and destroy genetic material
- 44Difference between Segmented and Banded NeutrophilsShape of the nucleus (Segmented into 3 or 4 parts or Banded into one long "stabs")
- 45When does Eosinophillia occur?Allergic reactions + some Parasitic Diseases
- 46Define and Explain GlucocorticoidsAny of a group of corticosteroids (e.g. hydrocortisone) which are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats and have anti-inflammatory activity.
Decease the Eosinophilic Number - 47Define HaemostasisHaemostasis is the human body's response to blood vessel injury and bleeding. It involves a coordinated effort between platelets and numerous blood clotting proteins (or factors), resulting in the formation of a blood clot and subsequent stopping of the bleed.
- 48Define AfibrinogenemiaCongenital afibrinogenemia is a rare, genetically inherited blood disorder in which the blood does not clot normally due to the lack of fibrinogen, a blood protein necessary for coagulation
- 49Define HaemophiliaHaemophilia is an inherited condition that affects the blood's ability to clot.