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Chemistry unit 3 definitions
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- 1ArenesAromatic hydrocarbons with one or more benzene rings
- 2Delocalised electronsElectrons shared between more than 2 atoms
- 3Addition reactionReaction where a reactant is added to a unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule
2 reactants = 1 product - 4Substitution reactionAn atom or group of atoms are replaced by a different atom or group of atoms
2 reactants = 2 products - 5ElectrophileAn atom or group of atoms that is attracted to an electron rich centre, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a dative covalent bond
- 6Electrophilic substitutionA type of substitution reaction where an electrophile is attracted to an electron rich centre or atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a dative covalent bond
- 7Reaction mechanismThe series of steps that together make up the overall reaction
- 8Functional groupPart of the molecule that is responsible for its chemical reactions
- 9ElectronegativityThe measure of attraction of a bonded pair of electrons in a covalent bond
- 10Redox reactionA reaction where oxidation and reduction both occur
- 11RefluxThe continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction the contents of the flask boiling dry
- 12NucleophileAn atom or group of atoms attracted to an electron deficient centre where it donates a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond
- 13Curly arrowSymbol used in reaction mechanisms to show the movement of an electron pair in the breaking or formation of a covalent bond
- 14EsterificationThe reaction between an alcohol and carboxylic acid to make an ester and water
- 15HydrolysisThe reaction with water or hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds
- 16Low density lipoproteinResponsible for carrying cholesterol and triglycerides from the litter to tissues
- 17High density lipoproteinsCan remove cholesterol from the arteries and transport it back to the liver for excretion or re-utilisation
- 18PeptideCompound made of amino acids liked by peptide bonds
- 19ZwitterionDipolar ionic form of an amino acid that is formed by the donation of a hydrogen ion from the carboxyl group to the amino group. As both charges are present there is no overall charge
- 20Isoelectric pointThe pH value at which the amino acid exists as a zwitterion
- 21Condensation reactionTwo smaller molecules react together to form a larger molecule with the elimination of a smaller molecule, water
- 22HydrolysisBreaking of a bond by reaction with water
Can be catalised by acid or alkali - 23StereoisomersA species with same structural formula but with a different arrangement of atoms in space
- 24Chiral carbonCarbon atom attached to 4 different atoms or groups of atoms
- 25Optical isomersStereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of eachother
- 26Repeat unitThe specific arrangement of atoms that occurs in the structure over and over again
Drawn in brackets, outside symbol, n - 27Biodegradable polymerA polymer that breaks down into carbon dioxide and water
- 28Degradable polymerA polymer that breaks down into smaller fragments when exposed to light, heat or moisture
- 29Pharmacological activityThe beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter
- 30PhasePhysically distinctive form of a substance of ordinary matter
- 31Mobile phaseThe phase that moves in chromatography
- 32Stationary phaseThe phase that does not move in chromatography
- 33AdsorptionThe process by which a solid holds molecules of a gas or liquid or solute as a thin film on the surface of a solid, rarely liquid
- 34ChromatogramA visible record showing the result of separation of the components of a mixture by chromatography
- 35RtDistance moved by component
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Distance moved by solvent - 36Retention timeIn gas chromatography, is the time for a component to pass from the column inlet to the detector
- 37Chemical shiftA scale that compares the frequency of an NMR absorption with the frequency of the reference peak of TMS at 0 ppm
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- A-Level (A2 topics) Chemistry Fichas sobre Chemistry unit 3 definitions , creado por jacob gray el 19/01/2016.
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