Phonology

Phonology

1. Segmental Phonology

   • Description of Phonemes

2. Suprasegmental Phonology

   • Stress
   • INTONATION
     • Gives linguistic information
     • Conveys emotions and attitudes
       • May change grammatical meaning in extreme cases
       • Statements vs. Questions
       • Open lists vs. Closed lists
       • Restrictive or Non-restrictive relative clauses
     • It has a role in CONVERSATIONAL DISCOURSE
       • Helps to tell if the information is old or new
       • Regulation of turn-taking
       • Establishment of dominance
       • Elicitation of cooperative responses
     • Two meanings
       • Variation of PITCH to convey or alter meaning
         • Controlled by the speaker
         • Perceptible by the listener
         • Basic unit: TONE
           • Pitch possibilities of the various components of the Tone unit
             • Pre-head
             • Head
             • Tonic syllable / nucleus
             • Tail
           • BEHAVIOUR OF THE PITCH
             • LEVEL TONE
             • MOVING TONE
               • Complex tones
                 • FALL - RISE
                 • RISE - FALL
               • Simple tones
                 • FALLING TONE
                 • RISING TONE
       • Prosody
         • Variations of
           • Loudness
           • Pitch
             • PITCH RANGE
               • High tone
                 • Indicates strong feelings or emphasis
               • Low tone
                 • Ordinary speech
           • Tempo
           • Voice quality