Faisal with pneumonia

Faisal with pneumonia

1. presented with fever with chills, cough with yellowish sputum & and respiratory distress

   • fever: an adaptive mechanism for controlling infection, produced by certain exogenous (largely microbial) stimuli that activate bone-marrow-derived phagocytes to release a pyrogen
   • diagnosed with
     • using
       • Xray
       • blood tests
       • sputum tests
         • Red currant jelly - Klebsiella
         • Green or yellow - infection / pneumonia
         • Yellow- Live neutrophils, acute bronchitis
         • Brown and black - CWP
         • Gray- COPD
       • pulse oxymetry
   • Fatigue
   • Chest pain when breathing or coughing
     • pleurisy

2. anatomy of the lung

3. how does the lung function?

4. how does it happen?

   • (RSV, influenza, para-influenza and adeno).
     • children aged 2 months to 2 years
       • treatment
         • Ribavirin Palivizumab
         • Antibiotic Resistance
           • Enzymatic inactivation
             • Destruction of penicillin by penicillinases enzymes.
           • Altered target
             • Changes in penicillin binding proteins. Mutational changes in original PBPs or acquisition of different PBPs will lead to inability of the antibiotic to bind to the PBP and inhibit cell wall synthesis
           • Decreased uptake
             • Porin channel formation is decreased. Since this is where beta-lactams cross the outer membrane to reach the PBP of Gram-negative bacteria, a change in the number or character of these channels can reduce  betalacta uptake
           • vaccination
             • PSV Polysaccharide
               • PCV Conjugate
                 • same one but associated with a protein that is like tetanus, rendering it antigenic
               • not antigenic in childrena nd infants
   • mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydia pneumonia
     • 5-14 years
       • causes atypical pneumonia
         • patchy on xray
           • risk of hemolytic anemia
             • treatment
               • macrolides
               • cephalosporins
   • streptococcus pneumonia
     • spread by respiratory drops
       • most common in adults
         • causes lobular pneumonia
           • usually community acquired
             • flouroquinolones macrolides penicillins
   • pseudomonas areginosa & legionella pneumophilia
     • Bronchopneumonia
       • hospital acquired
         • treatment
           • fluoroquinolones
             • macrolides
   • what is it
     • form of acute respiratory infection
   • infection to the lungs
     • inflammatory response initiated
       • alveolar edema and exudate formation
         • alveoli and respiratory bronchioles fill with serous exudate, fibrin cells, blood, bacteria
           • consolidation of lung tissues
   • what does it cause?
   • who is at risk?
     • Being hospitalized
     • Chronic disease
     • Smoking
     • Weakened or suppressed immune system

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