Urban Decline.

Urban Decline.

1. Definitions.

   • Urban decline is the deterioration of the inner city caused by lack of investment and maintenance.
     • It is often but not exclusively accompanied by a decline in population numbers, decreasing economic performance and unemployment.
   • Urban deprivation is a standard of living below that of the majority living in a particular society.

2. Characteristics of Urban Decline.

   • Poor quality housing
   • Poor building maintenance
     • Many building would have leaking roofs, draughty windows and crumbly stonework
   • Many empty buildings
     • Have the potential to be vandalised
   • High levels of pollution
     • Air, noise, water and land

3. Effects

   • Physical
     • Derelict building
   • Social
     • Social difficulty as people become depressed as they are made umemployed
     • Population of area declines
   • Economic
     • Less killed workforce if achievement is weaker at school
   • Environmental
     • Pollution levels
   • Political
     • The government bought about initiatives to encourage re-urbanisation

4. Case Studies

   • Park Hill, Sheffield
   • The Thames Gateway