How effective was the Albigensian Crusade of 1209 – 1229 in extirpating Catharism in the Languedoc?

How effective was the Albigensian Crusade of 1209 – 1229 in extirpating Catharism in the Languedoc?

1. Albigensian Crusade timeline

   • 1207
     • Peter of Castlenau (Papal legate in Languedoc) set up a league of warriors to fight off heretics. He asked Count Raymond VI of Toulouse to join. He was excommunicated and accused of harbouring heretics when he refused.
   • 1208
     • Peter of Castlenau was nurdered - Pope Innocent blamed Raymond VI of Toulouse. He urged Kings, Barons and people of France to fight against heresy.
   • 1209
     • June : Crusaders arrived in Albigeois. They began attacking the lands of Raymond Roger of Trencaval.
     • July - The crusaders besieged and captured Beziers and killed everyone in it.
     • August - The crusaders besieged and took Carcassonne. The remaining crusaders chose Simon de Montfort as leader of the army.
   • 1210
     • Winter - Simon continued military activity.
     • Spring - New crusaders came and the campaign continued.
   • 1211
     • Summer - Crusaders marched to besiege Toulouse - they failed to capture it.
   • 1212
     • July - Christian army defeated the Almahads at the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. King Peter took Raymond under his protection and asked Pope Innocent III to make peace in Languedoc. The crusaders refused the Pope and continued to hunt heretics.
   • 1213
     • August - Engaged the forces of Simon de Montfort and the crusaders at Muret. They were defeated and Peter II was killed. Simon de Montfort conquered the Northern part of Toulouse.
   • 1215
     • Lord Louis (son of King Philip II) took the cross and joined the crusade.
     • November - First stage of the crusade ended at the fourth Lateran council.
   • 1216
     • King Philip of France accepted Simon de Montfort's homage as Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne, Viscount of Beziers and Carcassonne.
   • 1217
     • Autumn - Toulouse rebelled, Raymond VI got into the city. Simon de Montfort then besieged Toulouse.
   • 1218
     • June 27 - Simon de Montfort killed by a stone thrower.
   • 1219
     • May - Louis arrived with an army but left in August.
   • 1222
     • August - Raymond VI died and his son Raymond VII became count of Toulouse.
   • 1223
     • Philip II of France died and his son became King Louis VIII.
   • 1226
     • King Louis lead an expedition against Raymond Vii.
   • 1228
     • Raymond had to negotiate for peace.
   • 1229
     • Peace of Paris. Raymond VII surrendered 2/3's of his county of Toulouse to the king of France. He had to promise to obey the church and seek out heretics - the terms were more lenient than those of 1215.

2. 1149 - 1208

   • 1145
     • Bernard of Clairvaux preaches against dualists in Languedoc.
   • 1163
     • Catholic council of Tours. Pope Alexander III defines Catharism as a heresy.
   • 1167
     • Cathar council held at St Felix. Presided over by Bishop Nicetas. Established administrative organisation and agrees doctrine.
   • 1172
     • First Cathar diocese established at Albi.
   • 1178
     • Count Raymond V of Toulouse appeals for Louis VIII help.
   • 1179
     • Henry of Clairvaux sent to Languedoc. Declares Toulouse as 'diseased'.
     • Third Lateran council. Cathar heresy declared an anathema ( cursed/evil)
   • 1184
     • Pope Lucius III issues "Ad Abolendom" - banning all heresy, declaring heretics, excommunicates and disinherits heirs.
   • 1198
     • Pope Innocent III (d.1216) assends - trying to persuade Philip to intervene.
   • 1208
     • Papal legate murdered - reason for a crusade.
   • 1209
     • Albigensan crusade began (until 1229)