thyroid gland

thyroid gland

1. Anatomy

   • lobes (right and left)
     • connected by isthmus
       • upward projection pyrmidal lobe
         • connected to levate glandulae of hyoid bone
   • blood supply
     • superior thyroid of ECA
     • inferior thyroid of subclavian
     • thyroid iema of beachiacephalic
   • histology

2. dysfunction

   • hyperthyroidism
     • increase function of thyroid gland
       • which leads to thyrotoxicosis
         • increase free T3 and T4 in the blood
     • causes
       • Graves disease
         • thyrotoxicosis
         • pretibial myxdema
         • opthalmopathy
       • papillary carcinoma
       • thyroid adenoma
         • benign tumor compresses one lobe >>> increase work other lobe
   • hypothyroidism
     • decrease function of thyroid gland
     • causes
       • hashimoto thyroditis
       • Dequervian thyroditis
   • Treatment
     • hypothyroidism
       • levothyroxine
         • artifical T4
         • adverse effect
           • hyperthyroidism
     • Hyperthyrodism
       • Thionamides
         • MOA
           • inhibit TPO
         • Adverse effect
           • agrunlocytosis
           • neutropenia
       • glucocorticoids
         • for ophthalmolopathy
       • radioiodine
         • adverse effect
           • hypothyroidism
       • Surgery

3. physiology of thyroid hormone

   • effect
   • formation

4. Investigation

   • TSH
   • TRH
   • T4
   • T3

5. Graves disease

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