Losing weight

Losing weight

1. Anatomy of the thyroid

2. Thyroid hormone

   • • TSH
       • upregulates activity of iodide pump
       • Endocytosis of iodinated thyroglobulin
       • Upregulates TPO and thyroglobulin
     • thyroid follicles cells
       • Thyroxine (T4)
       • Tri-iodothyronine (T3)
       • Reverse,rT3
     • parafollicular cells
       • Calcitonin

3. Hyperthroidism

   • Causes
     • 2-Functioning adenoma and toxic multinodular goiter
     • Excessive intake of thyroid hormones
     • Abnormal secretion of TSH
     • Graves Disease
       • B-cell production of IgG antibodies
         • Mutations in HLA-DR3 & HLA-B8
         • Exophthalmos
         • Pretibial Myxedema
         • Thyroid Acropathy
   • Signs and Symptoms
     • Nervousness and irritability
     • Increased resting heart rate
     • Heat intolerance
     • Tremors
     • Weight loss
     • Frequent bowel movements
   • Management
     • antithyroid drugs
     • radioactive iodine
     • surgical removal
     • Adjunctive therapy
       • Beta blockers
       • Iodine
       • Steroids
     • Adverse effects
       • agranulocytosis
       • congenital goiter
       • Skin rash
       • neutropenia

4. Goiter

   • Hoarseness
   • Difficulty swallowing
   • Difficulty breathing
   • Risk Factors
     • A lack of dietary iodine
     • female
     • autoimmune disease
     • Radiation exposure

Imágenes y archivos del mapa