Solubility

Solubility

1. Change with variables

   • Pressure
     • Henry's Law
       • Quantitative relation between pressure and solubility of a gas in a solven
         • Solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas
         • Solubility of a gas in a liquid solution is a function for partiar pressure at the gas
           • Mole fraction of gas in the solution is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the solution
         • p = KH x
           • Vapour phase is proportional to the mole fraction of the gas in the solution
     • Does not have significant effect on solubility
     • Gasses dissolve in water
       • Oxygen dissolves to a small extent in water.
         • Solubility of gases increase with increase in pressure
           • Higher the KH the lower is the solubility
             • For example; soda.
   • Temperature
     • Solubility of a solid in a liquid is greatly affected by the temperature
       • Exothermic
         • Solubility should decrease
       • Endothermic
         • Solubility should increase with rise in temperature
       • In gases in liquids solubility decreases with rise in temperature when dissolved

2. Solubility

   • Maximum amount that can be dissolved into a solvent.
     • Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents.
     • Non polar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
     • Solute dissolves in a solvent if the intermolecular interactions are similar in both.
   • Depends
     • Nature of solute
       • Not all solids dissolve on a specified liquid
         • Dissolution
           • When a solid solute is added to the solvent, some solute dissolves and its concentration increases in solution.
     • Nature of solvent
     • Temperature
     • Pressure
   • Solute + solvent = solution
     • The concentration of the solution in the solution will remain constant
     • Saturated Solution
       • If more solute can be dissolved at the same temperature and pressure to the solute
         • The saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute dissolved in the given amount.
     • The dissolution process involves dynamic equilibrium .
       • Le Chatelier Principle