Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving

Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving

1. Barriers to Problem-Solving

   • * Students problems = Teacher designs a better plan
     • Cognitive Strategies
     • Learning styles
     • Learning preferences
     • Mental Models
     • Assumptions
     • Real and perceived constraints and threats

2. Tools for Problem-Solving

   • 1. Animation Software
     • * Desing for all ages
       • Eg. Illustrative concepts
   • 2. Case Studies
     • *Focus on complex content
       • case for each group
         • present problems, and possible solutions
   • 3. Concept Maps
     • Design a Visual information
       • Determine relations with information
   • 5. Dialogue and Questions
     • Scaffold
       • develop by asking questions
         • prepare a discussion
           • write questions by online
   • 6. Digital Recordings (Audio and Video)
     • create in many devices
       • express and share ideas, opinions.
         • collect information (interviews)
   • 6. Flowcharts
     • structures diagrams
       • register information progress
         • E.g. Computer, Programmin- Use logical reasoning
   • 7. Geographic information system (GIS)
     • extensive Computer Program
       • Visualizae , Analize, Geographic Data
         • oning new schoolE.g Prange Conty,Schools uses GIS for razn
       • 8. Learning Contracts
         • teachers and instructors
           • explore problem-solving abilities for solutions
             • E.G REsearch students use notecards to present topics
           • 9. Mind Maps
             • graphic representations
               • dissert a content in a pieces
                 • E.g. support students to analize the parts of a topic
               • 10. Peer Learning
                 • participants serveas advisors
                   • explain a provide a feedback
                     • Eg. Ss form groups and chek a problem-solving task
                 • 11. Statistical Software
                   • Software program
                     • Perform quantitative data
                       • Eg. users can identify the most appropriate statical test
                   • 12. Three- Dimensional Modeling
                     • specialized software
                       • portrays a 3D model of an object
                         • Eg. Assisst learners to understand design processes
                     • 13. Virtual Reality Programs
                       • involces waening eyepieces
                         • Eg. educators acelerate problem-solving with virtual experiences
   • 4. Databases
     • free access for public web pages
       • Government, MINEDUC

3. Critical thinking

   • 1. Bloom't Taxonomy (1956)
     • Cognitive process
       • Transition into higher-order thinking skills
   • 2. Laxman, 2010; Nosich, 2011; Shah, 2010; Winch, 2006
     • - Systematic approach:
       • - evaluates information
         • - develops viable solutions
           • - tests solutions: solves problems
     • " - Critical thnker's characteristics (Jonassen et al.,2003; Thompson, 2011)"
       • - creative
         • - curious
           • - simple answers are not enough
             • - multiple solutions
   • 3. Foundation for Critical Thinking (2007)
     • - Elder and Paul (2007)- Element standards:
       • 1. Generating puposes
         • 2. Raising questions
           • 3. Using information
             • 4. Using concepts
               • 5. Making inferences
                 • 6. Making assumptions
                   • 7. Generating implications
                     • 8. Embodying a point of view
     • - Elder and Paul (2010)- Universal intellectual standards:
       • 1. Clarity
         • 2. Accuracy
           • 3. Precision
             • 4. Relevance
               • 5. Depth
                 • 6. Breadth
                   • 7. Logic
                     • 8. Fairness

4. Problem-solving

   • Process:
     • - Pose, test, refine solutions
       • - Gain deeper, personal comprehension of the concepts and issues
         • - Meaning-making
   • "Techniques Facilitate critical thinking reflection and meaning-making"
     • - Peer dialogue
       • - Questioning
         • - Journaling
           • - Think aloud
             • - Presentation of solutions for others
               • - Defending for the solution
                 • - Deconstructing the solution
   • Common model
     • 1. Define the problem
       • 2. Identify the root cause
         • 3. Develop alternative solutions
           • 4. Choose a solution to test
             • 5. Test solution
               • 6. Evaluate result of testing
   • TASC Model
     • 1. Gather/ organize knowledge about the task.
       • 2. Identify what the task is.
         • 3. Generate ideas about it.
           • 4. Decide which the best idea is.
             • 5. Implement the idea
               • 6. Evaluate the idea.
                 • 7. Communicate tour idea
                   • 8. Learn from your experience

Imágenes y archivos del mapa

• What is Critical Thinking? (Enclavar)