Theory of Knowledge

Theory of Knowledge

1. The most important area of philosophy

   • Philosophers: Tripartite theory of knowledge
     • Justified true belief, is a working model
     • Types of knowledge
       • Personal or knowledge by acquaintance
         • When we claim to know something or is to be familiar with something
           • Involve possessing at least some propositional knowledge and involves more than knowledge of propositions.
             • Involve coming to know a certain number of propositions in a particular way
       • Procedural or knowledge how to do something
         • Are not simply claiming that they understand the theory involved in those activities
           • Possess the skills involved, that they are able to do these things
             • To have all of the relevant propositional knowledge, without having the procedural knowledge
       • Propositional or knowledge of facts
         • We are claiming to have propositional knowledge.
           • The primary concern of epistemology is propositional knowledge
             • Is not enough to give you either personal knowledge or procedural knowledge.
               • It is propositional knowledge that is in view in most epistemology

2. We get our knowlege

   • Two traditions
     • Synthesis of the two traditions is more plausible
       • Justification
         • To consider the evidence for form true beliefs.
         • Three theories of epistemic justification
           • Foundationalism, coherentism, reliabilism
     • Empirism
       • Experience
       • All of our knowledge is ultimately derived from our senses or our experiences, deny the existence of innate knowledge
         • fits well with the
         • It struggles, however, to account for certain types of knowledge
       • Theory that experience is of primary importance in giving us knowledge of the world
         • We learn through perception, knowledge without experience is impossible
       • Classical: a rejection of innate, in-born knowledge or concepts.At birth we know nothing; it is only subsequently that the mind is furnished with information by experience
       • Radical: Only if it is possible to empirically test a claim that the claim has meaning. impossible for us to talk about that which we have not experienced
         • Statements that are not tied to our experiences are therefore meaningless
           • Assosiate with logical positivism
         • Requires the abandonment of religious and ethical discourse and belief.
       • Moderate: there may be some cases in which the senses do not ground our knowledge, but hold that these are exceptions to a general rule.
         • All significant, interesting knowledge, comes to us from experience
     • Modern scientific wordview
       • Empiricism
       • Places an emphasis on experimentation and observation.
     • Rationalism
       • Reason
       • Our knowledge is derived from reason alone, and is important in the acquisition of all of our knowledge
         • Reason play a role in observation, the mind is more fundamental than the senses in the process of knowledge-acquisition
       • It is reason, not experience, that is most important for our acquisition of knowledgeIs
         • Three types of knowledge
           • 1° We possess at least some innate knowledge, some basic instincts, some innate concepts: faculty for language
           • 2° There are some truths that, though not known innately, can be worked out independent of experience of the world
           • 3° there are some truths that, though grounded in part in experience, cannot be derived from experience alone
         • John Locke
   • Sources of Knowledge
     • Books, from the media, and from other people
       • We must already know: read, how to reason, who to trust

3. Perceive the world

   • Our knowledge come to by our senses through perception
     • Determined by world and by us
   • Perception
     • Complex process

4. Persisten problem

   • Is not what knowledge is or what it comes from, but whether there is any such thing at all

5. Epistemology

6. Tripartite Theory of Knowledge

   • Platon: three conditions must be satisfied in order for one to possess knowledge.
     • Analyses knowledge as justified true belief
       • If you believe something, with justification, and it is true, then you know it; otherwise, you do not.
   • Belieg
     • first condition for knowledge
       • If something is true, and one has excellent reasons for believing that it is true, one cannot know it without believing it
   • Truth
     • If one knows a thing then it must be true.
       • What is false cannot be known; knowledge must be knowledge of the truth
         • Plato
     • Second condition for knowledge
   • Justification
     • Third condition for knowledge
       • Lucky guesses cannot constitute knowledge; we can only know what we have good reason to believe

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