Motivation

Motivation

1. Behavioural

   • Social Cognitive
     • Intrinsic and Extrinsic
       • Both essential and non-essential
     • Expectancy
       • Leaned helplessness; Am I capable of this?
         • Deficit model
         • Students become dependent on teacher for learning - as opposed to being constructors of their own learning
           • Constructivism theory for learning; cognitive apprenticeships (scaffolding) are tools to help facilitate this.
       • Value - is it valuable?
   • Reinforcement (several forms)
     • Attribution
     • Personal value (linked to self esteem)
   • Reward and Incentive
     • Goal setting
     • Although the only reward should be learning! :P
   • Non-essential - Extrinsic

2. Values

   • Beliefs

3. Cognitive

   • Personal
   • Curiosity
     • Self-Regulated Learning
   • Intrinsic
   • Social

4. Perceptions

5. Needs

   • Maslow's Heirarchy

6. Socio-Cultural

   • Legitimate Peripheral Participation
   • Communal Participation
     • Self Concept and self esteem
       • Bandura's Triadic Reciprocal Causation: Affects how students learn - (behavioural, personal and environmental factors all work together and are affected by each other)
   • Values of peers
   • Builds interpersonal skills

7. Humanist

   • Choice
     • Empowerment to the student
   • Personal Growth
     • Self-Efficacy
       • Bandura; Self-efficacy reflects confidence in the ability to exert control over one's own motivation, behavior, and social environment.
   • Freedom
   • Selfefficacy
   • Essential/Intrinsic

8. Bandura's Triadic Reciprocal Causation (See socio-cultural)

   • Students are more motivated when these three factors are positive