solutions

solutions

1. mixrures

   • mixtures : a combination of two or more substances that do not combine chemically , but remain the same individual substances can be seoarated by physical means
     • two types
       • heterogeneos
         • consists of visibility different substances ot phases solid , liquid gas . can be separated by filtering
       • homogeneous
         • homo means the same . has the same uniform appearance and composition thhroughout, maintain one phase solid , liquid , gas
       • molarity
         • is the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute in moles of solutes per liter of solutions molarity is a conversion factor calculations
           • molarity(M): moles of solute / liers of slution

2. solution is a mixture of two or more substances that is identical throughout ( homogeneos). can be physically seápated

   • the solvent is the largest part of the solution amd the solute is the smallest part of the solutions
     • types
       • gaseous solutions: air : oxygen + nitrogen, , liquuid solutions : drinks : mix + water, solid solutions : alloys : steel , brass, etc
         • solubility
           • the amount of solute that dissolves in certain amount of a solvent at a given temperature and pressure to produce a saturated solution
         • factors affecting solubility of solids
           • temperature : in creased temperature causes solids to dissolve faster
           • particle size : smaller particles dissolve faster because they have more surface area
           • shaking : agitation causes solids to dissolve faster

3. concentration

   • the amount of solute dissolved in a solvend at a given temperature . described as dilute if it has a low concentration of solute dissolved
     • unsaturated: has a less than the maximum concentration of solute dissolved
       • saturated: has the maximun concentration of solute dissolved ( can see solid in bottom of solution)
         • miscible: liquids can easily dissolve in one another
         • immiscible: liquids are not soluble in each ather
         • polarity and dissolving
           • chemists use the saying like dissolves like
             • polar: solutes tend to dissolve in polar sollvents.
             • nonpolar : solutes tend to dissolve in nonpolar solvents
     • supersaturated : contains more dissolved solute than normally possible( usually requires an increase in temperature an increase in temperature followed by cooling )

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