curriculum planning cycle

curriculum planning cycle

1. Pre-active phase

   • is the curriculum planning that
     • takes place before the actual lesson
       • it is necessary to take in count
         • the amount of time they will have to complete the lesson
         • what has been covered in the past
         • the levels of experience and knowledge base on the prior lessons
         • challenges that students may face during the lesson
         • Selection of the content to be taught
           • After fixing the teaching objectives
             • the teacher makes decisions about the content which is to be
               • presented to the students
                 • This decision is made considering
                   • Level need and importance of the curriculum
                   • The expected behavior of the students
                   • Level and motivation of the students
                   • Selection of appropriate instruments and methods to evaluate
         • Determining goals / objectives
           • the teacher determines the teaching objectives which are
             • then defined in terms of expected behavioral changes
               • These objectives are determined according to
                 • the psychology of the students and the needs of the school
         • Sequencing the elements of content for presentation
           • After making selections regarding the contents to be presented to the students
             • the elements of content are arranged in a logical manner
               • with the purpose of transfer learning
         • Selection about the instructional methodology
           • After sequencing the contents
             • the teacher makes decisions regarding the proper methods and strategies
               • taking into account
                 • contents
                 • behavior
                 • the level of the students
         • How and when of teaching strategies
           • the teacher should decide how and when he will make use
             • of the previously selected method and strategy
               • during classroom teaching.

2. Interactive phase

   • this requires teachers to be responsive to student needs
     • that emerge during classroom lessons
       • some suggested activities are
         • Sizing up of the class
           • the teacher perceives the size of the class and
             • knows who can help him or who can create a problem
         • Knowing the learners
           • the teacher makes efforts to know
             • the student's
               • knowledge
               • abilities
               • Interests
               • attitudes
         • The teacher starts teaching activities
           • by questioning regarding action and reaction
             • two types of activities are involved
               • Initiation
               • Response

3. Post-active phase

   • it occurs after teaching has occurred
     • teachers reflect on the successes and struggles of a lesson
       • and the extent to which their instruction influenced students’ learning or not
         • there are some ways to evaluate the achievements of the students
           • defining the exact dimensions of the changes caused by teaching
             • the teacher compares the actual behavioural changes
               • in the students with their expected behavioural changes
                 • If he observes a change in behavior
                   • he concludes that his teaching strategies worked effectively.
           • Selecting appropriate testing devices and techniques.
             • the teacher selects techniques to compare the actual behavioral changes
               • with the desired behavior change which can evaluate
                 • the cognitive and non-cognitive aspects of the students
           • Changing the strategies in terms of evidence gathered.
             • the teacher comes to know about the required modification in
               • the teaching strategies and situations
                 • along with the drawbacks of his teaching
                   • in order to achieve the teaching objectives
                     • through evaluation
                       • the teaching activities are diagnosed
                         • and can be made effective