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INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF PROKARYOTES

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Ribosomes
- structure
  - made up of dozens of distinct protein
  - consist of two subunits
    - large subunit
    - small subunit
- function
  - sites of protein biosynthesis
    - process translating mRNA into protein
  - two subunits bind around the polymers of mRNA
  - synthesis of protein
    - translate genetic message of mRNA into protein during DNA translation
Plasmid
- characteristics
  - small
  - circular
  - double-stranded DNA
  - commonly found in bacteria
- function
  - pieces of membrane that can manipulated through the use of restriction
  - as a basis for bacterial transformation
Nucleoid
- meaning
  - nucleus-like
  - irregular shape within the cell
    - called genophore
- characteristic
  - contains DNA
  - vary in size
  - DNA strand
    - individual or pairs
    - circular or oval
- function
  - contain proteins and enzymes
    - acts as biological catalysts
  - primary center for DNA transcription
  - as a less structured way for prokaryotes
Plasma membrane
- definition
  - composed by two layers of phospholipids
    - embedded with proteins
    - phospholipid bilayer
  - semi-permeable membrane
    - allow only certain substaince into and out of the cell
    - Surrounded
      - cytoplasm
      - other constituent of the cell
- function
  - separate the contents from outside environment
  - regulate what enter and out of the cell
  - base of attachment for the cycloskeleton
  - gives support and maintain the shape of the cell
Cytoplasm
- fluid component inside the plasma membrane
  - mostly
    - water
    - salt
- function
  - contain enzyme
    - breaking down waste
    - aid in metabolic activity
  - gives shape to the cell
  - place for organelles to expand and grow
  - transport product ofcellular respiration
  - act as buffer