Introduction to Respiration

Introduction to Respiration

1. Respiration: Define

2. Ventilation: Define

3. Respiratory tract is divided in two ways

   • Functionally
     • Conducting
       • Pressure changes as air is inhaled/exhaled
         • Prevent collapse with bone and cartiliage
       • Respiratory Mucosa: Columnar Cells with cilia on luminal surface, goblet cells interspaced
         • Beat mucus upwards to phyarnx.
     • Respiratory
   • Clinically
     • URT
       • Nose, Mouth, Pharynx and Larynx
         • Nose (Cleans, Warms and Humidifies)
         • Pharynx
           • Food/Drink = Osephagus
           • Air = Larynx
         • Larynx
           • Tube with reinforced cartiliage, can move relative of one another.
           • Contains the vocal chords
             • - Protect lower airway from food ingestions
             • Voice production
     • LRT
       • Lungs = Air filled sacs made of tiny aveolaur sacs
         • Right = 3 Lobes
         • Left = 2 Lobes
         • Lung Structure
           • Alveolar sacs
             • Thin walls = rapid gas exchange
             • Pneumocytes and capillaries
           • Pleura = Parietal/Visceral
       • Trachea
       • Bronchi
         • Main Bronchi
         • Lobar bronchi
         • Segmental bronchi
       • Bronchioles
       • Cells of the LRT
         • Respiratory epithelia
         • Brush cells
         • Basal cells
         • Small granule cells
         • Clara cells
         • Gas exchange epithelia
           • Type 1
           • Type 2

4. Gel on Brush Model

5. Mechanisms of Ventilation

6. Thoracic Wall

   • Intercostal Mucsles
     • Internal/External
   • Ribs and Sternum
   • Diaphragm
   • Accessory Muscles
     • Pectoral
     • Scalenes
     • Abdominal

7. Cystic Fibrous

8. Diagram of the Lungs

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