Multiple Intelligences

1. Thurstone

   Nota:

   • Underlying structures/patterns between intelligences Disagreed with Spearman's interpretation of 'g'
   1. Intelligence is the results of 7 factors

      Nota:

      • Multifactor approach
      • Associative memory (rote memory)
      • Number
      • Perceptual speed
      • Reasoning
      • Space
      • Verbal comprehension
      • Word fluency
2. Cattell
   1. Crystallised

      Nota:

      • Learned and stored factual knowledge that accumulates over time
      • Verbal, vocabulary and comprehension tasks. Weschler tasks 
      • The type of knowledge successful historians use in careers
   2. Fluid

      Nota:

      • Adaptive knowledge - being able to reason in the current situation - this peaks in adulthood
      • Block design tasks, Raven's matrices.
      • Type of intelligence used by young adult mathematicians making a career
3. Vernon
   1. Link g to abilities

      Nota:

      • Levels of intelligences in between 'g' and specific abilities
      1. Major

         Nota:

         • v:ed - verbal educational k:m - spatial mechanical
      2. MInor
      3. Specific

Nota:

• Intelligence is the ability to achieve goals in life by capitalising on one's strengths

1. Componential: mental mechanisms

   Nota:

   • Knowledge acquisition - getting and using relevant skills for tasks
   • Metacomponents - recognising problems and developing strategies to deal with them
   • Performance - carrying out strategies
   • 'g' is these abilities in task restricted domains
2. Contextual: interaction with world

   Nota:

   • Adaptation - to a given environment
   • Shaping - when you cannot adapt, make environment adapt to you
   • Selection - of one (more advantageous) environment over another
   • Measured using 'tacit' knowledge - understanding processes of how to do things instead of facts.
3. Experiential: effect of experience

   Nota:

   • Novelty - ability to deal with novel situations using past experience
   • Automation - being able to do a task without thinking about it e.g. reading

Nota:

• Intelligence is the sum of processes that can take place so e.g. linguistic intelligence can be shown by all sensory systems by articulating what you can see, hear, smell etc. 

1. 7(+2)

   Nota:

   • Conventional: Linguistic Logical-mathematical Spatial
   • New:  Musical Bodily-kinaesthetic Interpersonal  Intrapersonal
   • +2  Naturalist Existentialist
2. Intelligences are separate but can interact

   Nota:

   • Intelligences are separate dimensions in separate parts of brain

Nota:

• Form of social intelligence - perception, understanding and the use of emotions

1. Salovey & Meyer
   1. 4 branches

      Nota:

      • Perceiving: own and others' emotions though language, tone, behaviour
      • Facilitating: aiding judgements about thinking e.g. to consider multiple viewpoints
      • Understanding: label and recognise relationships between emotions
      • Managing - open about emotions and can detach to see if emotions are informative
2. Goleman

   Nota:

   • EI is ability to control fight/flight response and basic emotional responses
   • 'Mixed model' models of EI mix with other personality/behaviour traits
   1. Identify/regulate own and others emotions

      Nota:

      • Hierarchy of EI 1. Identify (self awareness) 2. Manage (self regulation) 3. Drive 4. Assess/Influence (social awareness)  5. Interpersonal relationships (social skills) 
      • Personal vs. social Awareness vs. regulation
3. Bar-On

   Nota:

   • Emotional expression is evolutionary - for adaptation and survival e.g. bonding, mating
   • Emotion Quotient (EQ) from EQ Inventory
   1. 5 5 aspects

      Nota:

      • Intrapersonal - recognise/express emotions
      • Interpersonal - understand/relate to others
      • Adaptability - manage/control emotions
      • Stress management - adapt and solve problems
      • General - self motivation