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Behaviourist
Approach
- Basic Assumptions
- Classical
Conditioning -
learning through
association
- Pavlov and Watson
- Extinction - CR will
disappear if UCS does
not appear after the CS
- Discrimination- CR
elicited only by the
origional CS
- Generalisation - other similar
stimuli to the origional CS can
produce a CR
- Extinction - CR will
disappear if UCS does
not appear after the CS
- Pavlov and Watson
- Operant
Conditioning -
learining through
reinforcement,
reward &
punishment
- Skinner
- Skinner
- Methodological
Behaviourism
- All approaches in
psychology use some
aspects of
behaviourism
- All approaches in
psychology use some
aspects of
behaviourism
- Neo-behaviourism
- includes cognitive
processes and ideas
- includes cognitive
processes and ideas
- Humans are born
with a blank slate-
child can be 'made'
into anything
- All behaviour is
learnt through the
process of
conditioning, past
experiences & the
environment
- All behaviour is
learnt through the
process of
conditioning, past
experiences & the
environment
- Primary reinforcers - food,
water & sex are natural
reinforcers
- Secondary reinforcers - aquire
reinforcing properties through
association of primary R. We
have to learn through CC to find
them reinforcing
- Classical
Conditioning -
learning through
association
- Methods
- Animal studies
- Skinners box- rat exp
- Pavlovs dogs
- Presenting a NS with an UCR = CS & CR
- Presenting a NS with an UCR = CS & CR
- Skinners box- rat exp
- Observational Methods
- Little Albert study
- Little Albert study
- Animal studies
- Application
- Behaviour therapy to
stop abnormal
behaviours
- Systematic desensitisation
- conditions positive
associations with
feared objects in
phobias
- conditions positive
associations with
feared objects in
phobias
- Aversion therapy
- conditions negative
associations with
addictions
- conditions negative
associations with
addictions
- Systematic desensitisation
- Educational techniques
with the use of
reinforcement,
punishment & reward
- Forensics
- Token economy in prison systems
- Token economy in prison systems
- Social Influence
- reinforcement within obedience
- Distraction conflict theory
- Asch
- reinforcement within obedience
- Attachment
- Strange
situation,
responses to
social
releasers
- Cupboard love
theory - food
associations
- Friendship -
reinforcement of
cross sex play
- Serbin
- Serbin
- Strange
situation,
responses to
social
releasers
- Mood disorders
- Learned helplessness theory
- Where punishment
is constant &
unavoidable,
individuals give up
and acccept
punishment (Goes
against principles of
OC)
- Where punishment
is constant &
unavoidable,
individuals give up
and acccept
punishment (Goes
against principles of
OC)
- Learned helplessness theory
- Behaviour therapy to
stop abnormal
behaviours
- Debates
- Deterministic
- Human
behaviour is
entirely
determined by
past
experiences &
conditioning
- Environmental
determinism
- Environmental
determinism
- Skinner debated
with Rodgers about
the nature of free
will
- Rejects biological
influences that
may effect our
behaviour
- Human
behaviour is
entirely
determined by
past
experiences &
conditioning
- Reductionist
- Comparing
humans to
animals
- Individuals
treated as
machines
- Ignores
cognitive
processes
- Tolman - rats form
cognitive maps
when running
through a maze
- Tolman - rats form
cognitive maps
when running
through a maze
- Ignores
cognitive
processes
- Comparing
humans to
animals
- Nature/Nurture
- Learning
processes are
innate in everyone
- Learning
processes are
innate in everyone
- Nomothetic
- All behaviours
are based
around these
principles/laws
on learning
- All behaviours
are based
around these
principles/laws
on learning
- Deterministic
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