Edexcel GCSE Physics - P1 Topic 1

Ideas of the Solar System
1. Geocentric Model
  1. Everything orbits around the Earth in perfect circles
  2. Accepted by Ancient Greeks -> 1600s
2. Heliocentric Model
  1. The Earth and the other planets orbit the Sun in elliptical circles
    1. Evidence
      1. 1610- Galileo observed Jupiter with Telescope
        3 stars moving in wrong direction. Then 4th star
        Jupiter moons- not everything orbited Earth
  2. First introduced by Copernicus in 1543
Waves
1. Wavelength= Distance between peaks
2. Frequency= Amount of complete waves in a second (Hertz-Hz)
3. Amplitude= Height of Wave
4. Speed= How fast it is
5. Speed(m/s)= Freq(Hz) x Wavelength(m)
6. Wave Speed(m/s)= Distance(m)/ Time(t)
7. Transverse
  1. Vibrations are 90 degrees to Direction of Travel
  2. 1. All Electromagnetic Waves
    1. 2. S-Waves
      1. 3. Water Ripples
8. Longitudinal
  1. Vibrations travel same direction as travel
  2. 1. Sound and Ultrasound
    1. 2. P-Waves
Light
1. Reflection
  1. Angle of Incidence=Angle of Reflection
  2. When wave hits denser object some energy is reflected
2. Refraction
  1. When wave hits denser object some energy is refracted
    1. Change in density= change in speed
      1. Slows down - bends towards normal
3. Lenses
  1. Converging Lenses
    1. Focus Light
    2. Causes rays of light to converge (move together) to focus
  2. Focal Length= Distance from lense to its focal point
  3. Telescopes
    1. Refracting Telescope
      1. 2 Converging Lenses
      2. Light goes through first lense and refracts towards focal point
        Light continues into second lense thats refracts them towards eyes
    2. Reflecting Telescope
      1. Concave Mirror and Converging Lense
      2. Concave Mirror reflects parallel light to mirror in front of focal point
        Reflects light through hole in Concave mirror into converging lense
        Magnifys image and refracts it into eye.
  4. Concave Mirrors
    1. Curved Mirror
      1. Reflects
    2. Incident Ray PARALLEL to the axis will pass THROUGH the focal point
    3. Incident Ray THROUGH focal point will be PARALLEL when reflected
    4. Point where reflected rays join is height of image

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Edexcel GCSE Physics - P1 Topic 1

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