5.3 Covalent Bonding

5.3 Covalent Bonding

1. Covalent compounds and molecules

   • A Covalent Bond is a shared pair of electrons
   • Covalent bonding is the strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms
   • Covalent bonding occurs between a non-metal and a non-metal
     • E.g/ H2 and O2
   • Covalent bonding occurs between compounds of non-metallic elements such as H2O and CO2
   • Covalent bonding occurs in polyatomic ions such as NH4 +

2. Single Covalent Bonding

3. Dative Covalent Bonding

   • E.g NH4

4. Number of covalent bonds

   • Carbon forms 4 bonds
     • Nitrogen forms 3 bonds
       • Oxygen forms 2 bonds
         • Hydrogen forms 1 bond

5. Multiple Covalent bonds

   • Double Bond e.g in O2
   • Triple Bond e.g in N2

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