Certainty

Certainty

1. Of Intention

   • Segregation of Assets/Repletion of Words
   • Precatory Words
     • consider in context
     • indicate hope/desire

2. of Subject Matter

   • need to ascertain property
   • have means to ascertain
   • at time of creation of trust

3. of Objects (B's)

   • Conceptual Certainty
     • certainty of class of B's
     • identify boundaries of class
     • tests for different types of trust
       • Fixed - 'exhaustive' test
       • discretionary - ' non-exhaustive'
     • Evidential
       • question of fact
       • identifies who falls in class
       • Re Baden test
   • Ascertainability
     • T's must ascertain B's
     • pay share into court
     • 'Benjamin' Order
   • Administrative Workability
     • Formalities
       • Declaration of Trust
       • Transfer of Legal Title
       • Assign/Dispose of Equit. Interest
     • Specifically Enforceable Contracts (SEC)