66819
The Post Stalin
Thaw and the
Bid for Peaceful
co-existence
- The Cold War & the USSR after Stalin
- Stalin died March 1953
- Destalinistation begun by
Soviet leadership 1953, of
moving away from Stalin's
policies by:
- ending personality cult
politics
- Reforming Secret Police = KGB
- Arresting & Executing Beria - though he would
become Stalin's hardline successor
- New Course in economic policy - placed greater emphasis
on production of consumer goods.
- ending personality cult
politics
- Collective leadership from
1953-1955
- Malenkov, Molotov, Bulganin & Khrushchev to
prevent period of one man rule
- Malenkov, Molotov, Bulganin & Khrushchev to
prevent period of one man rule
- Khrushchev's secret speech 1956
- Denounced Stalin's reign of terror.
- USA saw it a sign of change in USSR
- Expectation of change for people of Soveit satellites
- Potential to affect Soviet FP & dev. of Cold War
- Denounced Stalin's reign of terror.
- Khrushchev
- Committed communist, persued competitive ideological and
military policies. Contradictory. Believed in peaceful co-existence -
but antagonistic.
- Faith in superiority of Communism
hence unwilling to back down in
dealings with USA
- Committed communist, persued competitive ideological and
military policies. Contradictory. Believed in peaceful co-existence -
but antagonistic.
- Stalin died March 1953
- Soviet Motives for, and moves
towards, peaceful co-existence.
- Peaceful solutions between
Socialist/Capitalist possible
- New Course policies focused on
Peaceful co-existence
- Adopted because
- Believed capitalism would eventually fall
- Confident USSR economy would overtake West.
- Greater sense of security
because areas of influenced
recogised
- Fear of Nuclear War -with peaceful
co-existence or most destructive was in history,
no third way
- Believed capitalism would eventually fall
- Key Measures
- End of war in Korea July 53
- Cuts in red Army from 5.8m to 3.7m also to save on spending
- Austrian State Treaty 1955 - removed
all foreign troops from Austria provided
they stayed neutral
- Soviet Withdrawal from Finland 1956
- Border disputes with other countries such as Turkey and Iran settled
- End of war in Korea July 53
- Peaceful solutions between
Socialist/Capitalist possible
- Internal Threats to the
Soviet System: East
Germany, Poland and
Hungary
- Hungary 1956
- Protesters called for Multiparty democracy, a
free press, Hungary's withdrawal from Warsaw
Pact
- Nagy agreed but USSR saw this as act of revolt
sent in Red Army Nov 1956
- By 11 Nov revolt crushed by SU and imposed one party govt.
- By 11 Nov revolt crushed by SU and imposed one party govt.
- Nagy agreed but USSR saw this as act of revolt
sent in Red Army Nov 1956
- Received no help from
the West
- Protesters called for Multiparty democracy, a
free press, Hungary's withdrawal from Warsaw
Pact
- Berlin Rising 1953
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- Poland 1956
- Large demonstrations in Poland
- Khrushchev tried to force Polish leader to back down
but saw strength of feeling and backed down
- Khrushchev tried to force Polish leader to back down
but saw strength of feeling and backed down
- some economic reforms permitted on
condition Poland remained committed to
Warsaw Pact
- Large demonstrations in Poland
- Hungary 1956
- Eisenhower and Dulles,
and the "New Look' policy
- The 'Geneva Spirit' and
conference diplomacy
1954-61
- End of the thaw:
the U-2 incident and
the impact of the
Berlin Crisis
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