Foundations of Physics

International System of Units (SI)
1. Developed so that scientists all around the world could work with one system of measurements
2. Base Quantities
  1. One of the 7 fundamental physical quantities that can be used to describe all other quantities
  2. Mass
  3. Length
  4. Time
  5. Current
  6. Amount of Substance
  7. Temperature
  8. Luminosity
3. Base Units
  1. The units of base quantities
  2. Kilogram (kg)
    Nota:
    - Mass
  3. Metres (m)
    Nota:
    - Length
  4. Seconds (s)
    Nota:
    - Time
  5. Amperes (A)
    Nota:
    - Current
  6. Mole (mol)
    Nota:
    - Amount of substance
  7. Kelvin (K)
    Nota:
    - Temperature
  8. Candela (cd)
    Nota:
    - Luminosity
4. Derived Quantity
  1. A quantity derived from a combination of base quantities
  2. Force
  3. Pressure
  4. Charge
  5. Power
  6. Voltage
  7. Energy
  8. Frequency
  9. Others (see note)
    Nota:
    - Area Volume Density Velocity Acceleration Work
5. Derived Unit
  1. Units of derived quantities
  2. Newton (N)
    Nota:
    - Force Can be written as kgms^-2
  3. Pascal (Pa)
    Nota:
    - Pressure Can be written as m^-1kgs^-2
  4. Coulomb (C)
    Nota:
    - Charge Can be written as sA
  5. Watts (W)
    Nota:
    - Power Can be written as m^2kgs^-3
  6. Volts (V)
    Nota:
    - Volts Can be written as m^2kgs^-3A^-1
  7. Joules (J)
    Nota:
    - Energy Can be written as kgm^2s^-2
  8. Hertz (Hz)
    Nota:
    - Frequency Can be written as s^-1
  9. Others (see note)
    Nota:
    - m^2 (Area) m^3 (Volume) kgm^-3 (Density) ms^-1 (Velocity) kgms^'1 (Momentum) ms^-2 (Acceleration) kgm^2s^-2 (Work)
Prefixes
1. Smaller
  1. Pico
    1. x10^-12
  2. Nano
    1. x10^-9
  3. Micro
    1. x10^-6
  4. Milli
    1. x10^-3
  5. Centi
    1. x10^-2
  6. Deci
    1. x10^-1
2. Bigger
  1. Mega
    1. x10^6
  2. Kilo
    1. x10^3
  3. Giga
    1. x10^9
  4. Tera
    1. x10^12
Uncertainty
1. Percentage uncertainty = (absolute uncertainty / average measurement) x 100
2. If you are multiplying or dividing quantities, the total percentage uncertainty is the sum of each percentage uncertainty
Percentage Difference
1. ((accepted value - measured value) / accepted value) x 100
Graphs
1. Straight line graphs
  1. y = mx + c
  2. m (gradient) = change in y / change in x
  3. c is the y intercept when x=0

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