Fracture In The Arm

Fracture In The Arm

1. Anatomy Of The Arm

   • Arm Bone
   • Muscles
     • Arm
     • Back
   • Nerves
   • Arteries

2. Nerve Injury

   • Types
     • NEURAPRAXIA
     • AXONOTMESIS
     • NEUROTMESIS
   • Nerve Healing
   • Wrist & Finger Drop
     • Injury to the radial nerve superior to the origin of its branches to the triceps brachii results in paralysis of the triceps, brachioradialis, supinator, and extensor muscles of the wrist and fingers

3. Fractures

   • Definition
     • A break in the structural continuity of the bone tissue
   • How do they occur ?
     • By a single traumatic event
     • Repetitive stress in a short period of time (stress fracture)
     • Abnormal weakening of the bone (Osteoporosis, pathological fracture)
   • Clinical Picture
     • Pain
     • Loss Of Function
     • Deformity
     • Swelling
     • Wound
     • Hematoma
   • Types
     • Open Fractures
     • Closed Fractures

4. Bone

   • Cell Types
   • Bone Healing
     • Reactive Phase
     • Reparative Phase
     • Remodeling Phase
     • Complications
       • Compartment syndrome, Neurovascular injury, Infection Post-traumatic arthritis, Growth abnormalities, Delayed union, Nonunion ,Malunion
   • Structure

5. Management

   • Cast/Splint
   • Closed Reduction
   • Direct Reduction
   • Indirect Reduction
   • Physiotherapy
     • Wand Exercise
     • Shoulder Wheel
     • Finger Ladder Exercise
     • Swiss Ball Exercise
   • Pain Management
     • Simple Analgesics
     • NSAID's
     • Weak Opioids
     • Strong Opioids

6. Radiology

   • Approach
     • 1) Identify the patient 2) When was the image taken 3) Are these the proper images 4) The five densities 5) Are the images technically adequate
   • Imaging Modalitites
     • Plain Films
     • CT Scan
     • MRI
     • PET
     • Ultrasound

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