WBC disorders

WBC disorders

1. leukopenias

   • neutropenia
     • increased destruction
       • Immune destruction
       • overwhelming infections.
     • decreased production
       • Aplastic anemia
       • cancer chemotherapy
   • lymphopenia
     • HIV
     • Corticosteroids
     • Radiation
     • Autoimmune diseases (SLE)
     • Primary immune deficiency syndromes (SCID- Digeorge

2. leukocytosis (proliferative disorders)

   • reactive
     • Neutrophilic leukocytosis
       • Bacterial infections
     • Eosiniophilia
       • Type I hypersensitivity
     • Lymphocytosis
       • Viral infections
       • Drugs (phynetoin)
     • Monocytosis
       • Chronic infections
     • leukemoid reaction
   • neoplastic
     • Basophilia
       • Chronic myeloproliferative disorders
     • Lymphoid Neoplasms
       • Hodgkin lymphoma
       • Non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
       • Lymphocytic leukemia
       • Plasma cell neoplasms; (multiple myeloma)
     • Myeloid neoplasms
       • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
       • Chronic myeloproliferative disorders (MPD):
         • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
           • investigations
             • FISH
             • PCR
             • karyotyping
             • Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
           • Insidious onset
             • Three stages
               • Chronic Stage
                 • Accelerated Stage
                   • Blastic Stage
           • Slow progression
           • treatment options
             • leads to
               • Uncontrolled proliferation of transformed cells
                 • Discordant maturation
                   • Escape from apoptosis
                     • Altered interaction with the cellular Matrix
               • signs and symptoms
                 • spleenomegaly
             • tyrosine kinase inhibitors
             • interferon & radiation therapy
               • chemotherapy
                 • bone marrow transplantation
         • Polycythemia vera
         • Myelofibrosis
         • Essential thrombocythemia
       • Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) (cytopenias )
     • Histiocytic neoplasms
       • Langerhans cell histiocytosis

3. history taking

4. signs and symptoms

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