PASIVA

PASIVA

1. 1. ¿CÓMO SE FORMA?

   • Usando el verbo "to be" + participio

2. 2. CAMBIOS VERBALES

   • a) to catch = to be caught
   • b) to have caught = to have been caught
   • c) catching = being caught
   • d) having caught = have been caught
   • e) catch (es) = am/are/is caught
   • f) will catch = will be caught
   • g) am/are/is going to catch = am/are/is going to be caught
   • h) has/have caught = has/have been caught
   • i) caught = was/were caught
   • j) was catching = was being caught
   • k) had caught = had been caught
   • l) would catch = would be caught
   • ll) would have caught = would have been caught

3. 3. USOS

   • a) no sabemos quién o qué hizo algo
     • My phone has been stolen
   • b) la acción es más importante que quien hizo ello
     • Income taxes was introduced in England in 1798
   • c) es obvio quién o que hizo algo
     • The thief has been arrested
   • d) usamos "by" + persona/cosa para indicar quién o qué hizo la acción si la información es importante
     • The robber was seen by the police officer

4. 4. VERBOS CON DOS OBJETOS

   • give, send, buy, bring
     • A witness gave the police (1) some information (2) A witness gave some information (1) to the police (2)
       • cualquier de los objetos puede ser el sujeto de la frase pasiva
         • The police were given some information by a witness
         • Some information was given to the police by a witness

5. 5. TO HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE

   • cuando pedimos a alguien que haga algo por nosotros o alguien hace algo por nosotros
     • a) no es necesario decir quien hizo la acción
     • The president HAD his speeches WRITTEN (by his staff) = el staff del presidente escribió su discurso
     • I had my hair cut (el peluquero corto my pelo)
     • I´m having my kitchen painted (el decorador está pintando my cocina)
     • They want to have their car fixed (ellos quieren que el taller mecánico arregle su coche)
     • c) en lenguaje informal, nosotros frecuentemente usamos GET en lugar de HAVE
       • I got my hair cat (= I had my hair cut)
       • When are you getting that window repaired?
       • We need to get something done about this leak in the roof

6. 6. IT IS SAID THAT...

   • a) Uso: cuando reportamos lo que la gente dice o cree
     • It is believed that the tree was placed there by other members of the gang (= Everyone believes that...)
   • b) Podemos usar varios verbos con este patrón
     • agree, announce, believe, decide, report, say, think...
       • It was agreed that the theatre must be closed (= people say that...)
       • It has been announced that a new road will cost millions of pounds to repair (= the council has announced...)
       • Until the 16th century it was thought that the sun revolved around the Earth (= people generally thought that...)