Wake up Dad

Wake up Dad

1. Anatomy

   • URT

2. Physiology

   • Neural breathing control
     • Central control
       • Medullary respiratory centers
         • Dorsal group of neurons
           • Nucleus Tractus Solitarius
         • Ventral group of neurons
       • Pons Respiratory centers
         • Lower pons
           • Pneumotexic centers
         • Upper pons
           • Apneustic centers
     • Cerebral control
       • Voluntary ventilation
   • Receptors
     • Chemoreceptors
     • Mechanoreceptors
     • Irritant receptors
     • 'J' receptors

3. Snoring

   • Snoring is due to vibration of soft palate and its thin edges called velum of the posterior faucial pillar due to partial air way obstruction during inspiration

4. Sleep apnea

   • Excessive snoring with intervals of breath cessation (apnea)
   • Signs and symptoms
     • Nocturia
     • Insomnia
     • Daytime fatigue
     • Pathophysiology
     • Risk factors
       • Excessive weight
       • Male gender
       • Large tonsils
       • Family history
   • Investigations
     • Physical examination
       • Mallampati Score
         • Polysomnography
   • Management
     • CPAP
       • continuous positive airway pressure it gently blow pressurized air through your airway at a constant pressure that keeps the throat from collapsing.
     • Lifestyle changes

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