Quit smoking

Quit smoking

1. Anatomy

2. Hemoptysis

   • coughing up of blood or blood-stained mucus from the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs
   • Causes
     • Bronchitis
     • Cancer
     • Pmeumonia
     • Lung abcess
     • Cardiovascular
       • Mitral stenosis
       • CHF
     • Trauma

3. Mediastinial shift

   • deviation of the mediastinal structures towards one side of the chest cavity
   • Causes
     • Tumor
     • Atelactesis
     • Pneumothorax
     • Pleural effusion

4. Lung cancer

   • malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in  tissues of the lung usually in the cells lining air passages
   • Types
     • Small cell carcinoma (15%)
     • Non-small cell carcinoma (85%)
       • Adenocarcinoma (40%)
       • Large cell carcinoma (10%)
       • Squamous cell carcinoma (30%)
   • Signs and symptoms
     • Cough (75%)
     • Weight loss (40%)
       • Chest pain (40%)
         • Dyspnea (20%)
     • Risk factors
       • Smoking
         • Radon
           • Asbestos
             • Air pollution
       • Pathogenesis
         • TSG inactivation
           • Oncogen activation
             • Telomerase activation
               • apoptosis evasion
         • Complications
           • Metastasis
             • development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer.
           • Arrhythmia
             • Horner's syndrome
               • SVC Syndrome
                 • Paraneplastic syndrome
           • Investigations
             • Blood count
               • Chest imaging
                 • Sputum cytology
                   • Interventional Bronchoscopy
             • Management
               • Chemotherapy
                 • Neoadjuvent
                   • Adjuvent

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