No more diets

No more diets

1. anatomy of the Adrenal gland

   • Histology of adrenal gland
     • • secretes
         • Glucocorticoids - Cortisol
           • Produced in response to ACTH
             • physiology of corticosteroids
             • excess cortisol leads to
               • Cushing Syndrome
                 • exogenous or endogenous
                   • Exogenous (Cushing’s syndrome):
                     • Organ Transplant
                     • Chemotherapy (Long term use of steroids).
                     • Autoimmune diseases.
                     • Asthma.
                     • Allergies.
                     • Chronic inflammatory diseases.
                     • Hypertension.
                     • Type II diabetes.
                 • Pathophysiology
                   • When stimulated by ACTH, the adrenal gland secretes cortisol and other steroid hormones. ACTH is produced by the pituitary gland and released into the petrosal venous sinuses in response to stimulation by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus
                 • Risk factors
                   • Female
                   • 25-40 years old
                 • Diagnosis
         • Mineralocorticoids - Aldosterone
         • Androgens
         • Stress hormones - Epinephrine & Norepinephrine

2. Nadia, round face, bruised, depressed, obese,

   • other signs and symptoms
     • Dysmenorrhea or Amenorrhea
     • Muscle weakness
       • Severe fatigue
         • Loss of emotional control
           • Cognitive difficulties
     • New or worsened high blood pressure
     • Headache
     • Bone loss, leading to fractures over time
       • Hirsutism
     • In children, impaired growth
   • diagnosed with cushing's disease
     • treated with hormone replacement therapy & surgery
       • Management
         • hormone replacement
           • corticosteroids
             • Clnical use
               • Immunosuppressive Therapy
               • Raised intracranial pressure
               • skin diseases
               • Acceleration of fetal lung maturation
             • Adverse Effects
               • imuunosuppressing
               • reduce bone growth
                 • peptic ulcers
               • weakness and infections
         • Surgery
           • Procedure
             • transphenoidal, removes tumor in sella tucica.
           • Complications
             • Sinus headache and congestion for up to a week or 2 after surgery.
             • Brain damage, a stroke, or blindness if a nerve or artery is damaged
             • Diabetes insipidus
             • panhypopituitarism

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