Globalization

Globalization

1. Negative effects

   • individual cultures could blend into one global culture
   • people in developing countries still suffer from malnutrition/ die of curable diseases
   • people work under cruel working conditions (sweatshops)
   • fincancial crisises will ultimately affect other countries bc of global trade
   • diseases can easily spread
   • refugee crisis in europe

2. Progress

   • planes, ships, trains were developed
     • fast transportation of goods from one country to another
   • Internet
     • collaboration between business partners is easier
   • cost-effectiveness of multinational companies

3. Economic challenges

   • costumers want best cost/perfomance ratio -> competion in global market
   • employees can't defend their rights
   • outsourcing damages local labour markets
   • sweatshops
   • exploiting of the poor and indirect support of child labour
   • workers probably won't use the products they assemble
   • widening gap between the rich and poor
   • national crisises

4. Ecological challenges/role of customers

   • environmental pollution (doesn't stop at borders)
   • factories produce exhaust fumes
   • vehicles on the roads steadily increase
   • more and more are travelling by plane
   • "Food-miles": loads of imported fruits and vegetables
   • "carbon footprint"

5. global warming and its effects

   • greenhouse gases trap heat and cause the temperature to rise
   • floods in coastal areas, heavy rainfall, droughts, melting of glaciers
   • biodiversity is threatened bc of desertification and extinction
   • unwise use of water ressources -> desertification
   • environmental sustainibility is an important topic for many nations

6. Kyoto protocol (2005)

   • reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by an annual 5.2%
   • national limitations
   • 138 nations have signed it (2010)
   • developing countries need more time and financial support
   • Also: Paris Agreement adopted by 195 coutnries

7. conflict between economic and ecological aspects

   • companies face global competition
   • countries refuse to protect the environment bc of disadvantages for companies
   • international cooperation since pollution does not stop at borders

8. media and communication

   • connect with people all over the world
   • collecting and exploiting user's data
   • keep in touch with friends

9. UN

   • preserve international peace
   • defends human rights and fundamental freedoms
   • promote friendly relations between nations
   • support international cooperation
   • conflict management and establish lasting peace
   • humanitarian aid

10. EU

    • 28 states belong to the EU
    • prevent extreme forms of nationalism
    • promote social progress while still keeping diversity alive
    • friendly relations between member countries
    • freedom and justice for Europeans
    • respect human rights
    • military cooperation in peacekeeping missions

11. International peacekeeping

    • peacekeepers are sent to the countra once peace has been established
      • soldiers, police officers or other civilian personnel
    • overseeing elections
    • providing reconstruction aid
    • NATO