The Russian revolution

The Russian revolution

1. MAIN CAUSES

   • First World War
     • The constant defeats suffered by the Russian armies and the numerous casualties led to the discredit of the last Tsarist dynasty.
   • War Russian-Japanese
     • The Tsarist army was defeated by the Japanese.
   • Economic crisis
     • This was due to the little development of the industrial sector and economic dependence on the foreigner.
   • Emptiness Alejandra's unpopularity
     • The wife of Tsar Nicholas II was against any reform favorable to the people, so he won the hatred of this.

2. 2 revolutions

   • 1905
     • Objectives of this revolution
       • The bad government was denounced, without wanting to overthrow the Tsar in the beginning
       • They wanted the incorporation of reforms
     • Duma
       • With the aim of wanting to solve the strikes and revolts, Nicholas II undertook to endow the Duma (assembly) with legislative powers. However, it proved ineffective.
     • Soviets
       • Groups or assemblies of workers, soldiers and Russian peasants. They emerged at this time in order to try to change the situation of the country.
     • Bloody Sunday
       • The so-called Bloody Sunday was the trigger for this revolution. This name is given to the massacre at the hands of the Russian army in a demonstration of workers (due to lack of food) before the Tsarist government.
     • Political Parties
       • During these years a series of parties were created which aspired to reach power to reassure the people and establish a new form of government
       • Russian Social Democratic political party
         • They defended the principles of Marxism imposed by Marx and Engels.
         • Mensheviks
           • Minority faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, formed by moderate socialists, its leaders were Plekhanov and Martov. They were in favor of the search for a period of transition that could transform Russia into an industrialized country.
         • Bolsheviks
           • Major fraction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, formed by radical socialists, its leader was Lennin. They were supporters of the seizure of power.
       • Democratic Constitutional Political Party
         • Formed by an urban bourgeois minority seeking a liberal ideology.
       • Revolutionary Socialist political party
         • Mostly formed by discontented peasants in the semifeudal situation in which they were.
   • 1917
     • February revolution
       • Daily manifestations
         • Due to the First World War, the number of deaths, the economic collapse and the shortage of cities produced a great social unrest that led to revolts and general and daily demonstrations.
       • Abdication of Nicolás II
         • The Russian army did not have the means to suppress the revolution, so the Tsar was forced to abdicate on March 2, 1917.
       • Lenin returns from exile
         • Vladimir Lenin, who had been exiled for being a revolutionary, returns and with Leon Trotski begins to convince the people and defend the postulates of Karl Marx.
       • Provisional government
         • This government would end up heading Aleksandr Kérenski and would be supported by the Mensheviks.
     • October revolution
       • power takeover of the Bolsheviks
         • Lenin had convinced the people, and therefore, controlled the soviets. Thanks to this, he achieved control of the government with the Bolsheviks, and imposed himself as president.
       • Council of Commissioners of the Village
         • Under Lenin's presidency, this Council was created to be a government institution.
         • Constituent Assembly
           • In November of 1917 elections would be held to elect a Constituent Assembly. However, contrary to what Lenin thought, his party was not a winner, so he dissolved the Assembly and Russia came under the control of the Communist Party.
           • Civil War
             • This resulted in a civil war between two sides. Finally the conflict culminated with the victory of the Red Army.
             • Red Russia
               • Formed by the Bolsheviks.
             • White Russia
               • Formed by people who defended the Tsarist autocracy
       • Marxism-Leninism
         • Vladimir Lenin created a new model called Marxism-Leninism, very similar to Marxism and imposed the dictatorship of the proletariat of which Marx and Engels spoke

3. USSR

   • Finally the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was formed in 1922, and after the death of Lenin, Stalin prevailed before Trotsky.

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