Cardio Sign and Symptoms

Cardio Sign and Symptoms

1. Origin of Cardiac Dysfunction

   • Heart is a pump
   • Dysfunctions
     • Damaged Myocardium
     • Valvular Heart DIsease
     • Cardiomyopathy
     • Arrhythmia

2. Heart Requirements

   • O2
     • Symptom
       • Chest tightness
       • radiation to arm and jaw
       • Anxious
     • Signs
       • Pallor
       • Sympathetic drive
         • Cold
         • Sweating
       • Parasympathetic
         • Nausea
         • Vomitting
   • Electrolytes
     • Na+
     • Mg2+
   • Blood & BP
     • Overload
       • Ventricle dialation
     • Afterload
       • Ventricular Hyperthrophy
   • Intact electrical circuit

3. Pump Failure

   • LVF
     • Sign
       • Pulmonary Oedema
         • Bibasal creps
     • Symptoms
       • Dyspnoea
         • Orthopnea
         • Paroxysmal Noctural (PND)
   • RVF
     • Sign
       • Fluid retention
       • Raised JVP
       • Hepatomegaly
     • Symptoms
       • Peripheral Oedema
   • Decreased renal Perfusion
     • Fluid retention
     • Ankle Oedema
     • Ascites

4. Hx

   • Pain
     • SOCRATES
   • Palpitations
     • Rate
     • Rhythm
   • Dyspnoea
     • Orthopnea
   • Fatigue
   • Intermittent Claudication
     • Atherosclerosis
   • Anxiety
     • RF
   • Stress
   • Diaphoresis
     • Unusual sweating
   • Pallor
     • Anemia

5. Exam

   • Vitals
     • HR
     • BP
     • RR
     • O2 %
   • HFailure
     • ++JVP
     • 3rd Heart sounds
     • Bibasal Crep
     • Liver
       • Pulsatile
       • Tender
     • Lower limb Oedema
   • CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
     • Hypotension
     • Tachycardia
     • Impaired Cognition
     • Cool Skin
     • Pale skin
   • Mechanical problems (Valvular/ Structural)
     • Murmur
       • Ventricle Septal Defect
       • Mitral regurg
   • Vascular disease
     • Carotid Bruit
       • Turbulent flow due to narrowing of b.vessel
     • AAA
     • Pulses
       • Peripheral Pulses
         • Lower Limb
           • Dorsalis Pedis
           • Post Tibialis
           • Popliteal
           • Femoral
       • Face
         • Submandibular
         • Temple
       • Upper Limb
         • Brachial
         • Radial

6. CHF

   • RHF
     • Right S3/S4 Gallop
   • LHF
     • Left S3/S4 Gallop
   • Fatigue
   • Dry Cough

7. Arrythmias

   • Asymptomatic
   • Symptomatic
     • Palpitation
     • Lightheadedness
       • Syncope
     • Low Energy
     • Angina
     • Irregular Pulse
   • SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH

8. Valve DIsease

   • Aortic Stenosis
     • Pulsus Parvus et tardus
       • weak/small (parvus)
       • late (tardus)
     • Systolic Murmur radiating to carotid
   • Mitral Regurg
     • Holosystolic murmur to axilla
   • Aortic regurg
     • Blowing Diastolic murmur
     • deMusset's sign
       • Head bobbing with heart beat
     • Corrigan’s waterhammer pulse
       • a pulse that is bounding and forceful, rapidly increasing and subsequently collapsing
     • duroziez’s sign
       • Femoral bruit