Manufacturing Steel

Manufacturing Steel

1. Integrated Mill

   • Converts virgin iron ore into finished steel product
   • Raw Materials
     • Virgin Iron Ore (main raw material)
     • Coke (fuel)
     • Limestone (flux)
       • Flux: material that removes impurities and reduces melting point of main raw material (iron ore)
     • Blast Furnace
       • Molten Slag
         • Slag: molten limestone
       • Molten Iron
         • Transported to Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF)
           • Molten Iron converted to Molten Steel
             • Molten Steel to Cast Steel
               • Cast Steel
                 • Hot-Rolled into finished Steel Sections
                   • Billet
                     • For: I-sections, C-sections, L-angles, bars, & rods
                   • Bloom
                     • For: Heavy I-sections
                   • Slab
                     • For: plates & sheets

2. Mini-Mill

   • Uses recycled steel-based scrap to produce finished steel product
   • More Economical
   • More Sustainable
   • Recycled Material
     • Automobiles
     • Transport Vehicles
     • Machinery
     • Etc...
     • Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)
       • 3 Graphite Electordes
         • Produce high-temp. arc
           • Converts scrap into molten steel
       • Calcium Oxide (lime) & Magnesium Oxide
         • form Molten Slag foam
           • Slag Foam insulates furnace lining from high temp. of arc
         • Molten Steel forms
           • transported to ladle (vessel)
             • Steel Chemistry Modified by adding req'd chemicals
               • Cast Steel
                 • Same as Integrated Mill
                 • Billets
                   • dog-bone cross-sections
                   • Near-net Shape Billets or Beam Blanks
                   • Rectangular Shap Billets
                     • For: Angles, Bars, Rods

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