Endocrine system 2

Endocrine system 2

1. parathyroid G

   • small, brownish-red
   • posterior to thyroid G
   • 4 nodules
   • types of cell
     • chief cells
       • source of parathyroid H (PTH)
       • stimulate osteoclasts to resorb bone n release Ca ion from bone matrix to bloodstream
       • stimulate calcitriol H in kidney
       • promote Ca absorption in small intestine
       • prevent loss of ion during formation of urine
     • oxyphil cell

2. adrenal G (suprarenal)

   • paired, pyramid shape enchored on superior surface of kidney
   • retroperitoneal n embedded in fat n fascia to minimize movement
   • outer adrenal cortex n inner central is adrenal medulla

3. adrenal cortex

   • yellow color (stored lipid)
   • corticosteroid synthesis stimulated by ACTH by AP
   • partitioned to:
     • zona glomerulosa
       • mineralcorticoids
       • aldosterone(regulate ratio of Na n K
     • zona fasciculata
       • cortisol n corticosterone
         • glucocorticoids
         • stimulate metabolism of lipids, protein n glucose
         • resist stress, repair tissue
     • zona reticularis
       • gonadocorticoids(androgens)
   • regulate salt, sugar n sex

4. adrenal medulla

   • inner core of adrenal G
   • red-brown due to vascularization
   • secrete epinephrine(adrenaline) n norepinephrine

5. pancreas

   • elongated, spongy, nodular organ
   • btwn duodenum, spleen n posterior to stomach
   • both endo n exo
   • cell called pancreatic acini (produce alkaline pancreatic juice aid in digestion

6. pineal G

   • small, cone shaped attach to posterior of epithalamus
   • secrete melatonin
     • helps regulate circadian rhythm
     • responsible for FSH n LH synthesis

7. function of kidney, heart, GI tract n gonads

   • helps regulate electrolyte in blood
   • RBC production, blood V n BP
   • digestive system activities
   • sexual maturation n activity

8. aging n endo system

   • testorterone @ estrogen level decline
   • reduction in GH level leads to loss of weight n body mass
   • secretory activity of endo G wanes, especially secretion of growth H n sex H

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