PASSING DARK COLORED URINE

PASSING DARK COLORED URINE

1. Patient's main complaint:

   • Hematuria
     • DDx
       • Kidney stones
       • UTI
       • Kidney tumors
       • Prostate cancer
       • Nephritic syndrome
       • Bladder Cancer
         • Anatomy of the urinary bladder
           • Shape
             • Apex
             • Body
             • Fundus
             • Neck
           • Musculature
             • Detrusor muscle
             • Internal sphincter
             • External sphincter
           • Blood supply
             • Arteries
               • in the male
                 • Superior vesical
                 • Inferior vesical
               • in the female
                 • Superior vesical
                 • Vaginal
             • Veins
               • vesical venous plexus
           • Nerves
             • Somatic
               • Pudendal nerve S2-S4
             • Autonomic
               • Sympathetic
                 • Hypogastric nerve T12-L2
               • Parasympathetic
                 • Pelvic nerve S2-S4
         • Types of bladder tumors
           • Benign
             • Papilloma
             • Leiomyoma
           • Malignant
             • Urothelial tumor
             • Squamos cell carcinoma
             • Adenocarcinoma
             • Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
         • Risk factors
         • Cysts Vs Tumors in CT
           • Cyst
             • well-marginated with thin or imperceptible wall
             • nonenhancing
             • Hypodense
           • Tumors
             • can be enhanced
             • Hyperdense
             • May contains area of necrosis
         • Management
           • Chemotherapy
             • Intravesical
             • Systemic
           • Radiation therapy
           • Immunotherapy
             • BCG
           • Surgery
             • Partial cystectomy
             • Rdical cystectomy
         • Progression

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