Exam Question 3

Exam Question 3

1. Week 9, Chp 16, 17, 18

2. Correctional System Intro

   • Take over after admission of guilt
   • See to completion of sentences (community or custodial)
   • Make parole decisions

3. Why theres Growth

   • number of buildings and inmates increasing
   • Increased nationally by 9.3% between 2003 and 2013
   • No correlation between crime rates and imprisonment rates
   • impacted by changing policies
   • Increase to appear punitive: 'tough on crime'
   • puts pressure (financially) on prisons
   • Also impacted by privatisation of prisons: vested interest in more people serving longer sentences and more frequent sentences
   • Socially and economically marginalised, low education, high unemployment, mental health problems and substance abuse
   • reduced bail, mandatory sentencing, more police = more arrests

4. Aim of Punishment: Is this working

   • Depends what you consider the purpose of prison
     • Retribution: defender deserves bad conditions, temporarily incapacitated, possibly general deterrence but not specific
   • Ethical Formalisation - universal sense of justice, categorical imperative. Retribuion: Hannarubi's code, an eye for an eye, payback. Restitution: compensation to victim or society.
   • Utilitarian: Punishment serves a purpose. Deterrence: prevention (general and specific). Incapacitation: can't repeat again. Rehabilitation: change behaviour to prevent crime

5. Why reoffend?

   • 60% reimprisonment rate
   • Social learning: norms, values, behaviours
   • Culture shock upon release
   • Revolving door effect
   • Hard to get a job with criminal record. No skills
   • Labbeling theory
   • No evidence of programs working. released before completing or require admittance of guilt
   • Compare to halogen