The World Today-Marcos Corcoba Abarquero nº8 3ºA

The World Today-Marcos Corcoba Abarquero nº8 3ºA

1. Globalisation in the world today

   • Important historical events
     • The fall of the Berlin Wall
     • The end of the Cold War
     • The dissolution of the Soviet Union
   • Disadvantages of the globalistaion
     • Migration
     • International conflicts
     • Urban and demographic problems
   • Economic globalisation
     • Cause: the spread of capitalism as an economic system
     • Consecuence: has completely changed the map od global production
   • Features of the map of global production
     • Tertiarisation and financialisation
     • Concentrarion of wealth
     • Multinationals
     • Government bodies are now of secondary importance
     • Ecnomic instability and increased inequality
     • Relocation of industry
     • Unemployent and a loss of purchasing power

2. Conflicts

   • Siglo XXI
     • Causes
       • Economic differences
       • Unresolved conflicts
       • Religious and cultural intolerance
     • Consecuences
       • Geopolitical tensions
       • Civil conflicts
       • Wars between nations
       • Territorial disputes
       • Terrorism
   • A world in conflict
     • Central and South America
     • The Arab Spring
     • Pacific
     • Russia's neighbouring countries
     • Central Asia
     • The Middle East
     • Africa's forgotten conflicts

3. Migration

   • Definition: large population movements of migrants with different motivations
   • Causes
     • Natural
       • Force local populations to leave their home
     • Political
       • Conflicts and political crises disrupt a country and force dissidents, the persecuted and those who fear for their live, to leave
     • Socioeconomic
       • Emigrants seek a better quality of life in terms of:
         • Education
         • Employment
         • Health
   • Types
     • Forced
     • Voluntary
     • Temporary
     • Permanent

4. Urban Problems

   • In 2007 it was estimated that more than a half of the world's population was living in the cities
     • Why?
       • The cities provide some advantages
         • Better employment opportunities
         • More servicies and leisure facilities
   • The constant growth produce some disadvantages
     • Housing
     • Social segregation
     • Supplies and waste management
     • Emvironmental degradation
   • Property speculation
     • Caused by high demand and high land prices have caused a generalised increase in the cost of housing in all developed countries

5. Population

   • Is the number of inhabitants living in an area at a certain time
   • It is estimated that there are more than 7.3 billion people in the World today
   • To understand a population's characteristics
     • To study its birth rates
     • To study its death rates
     • To study the life expectancy
     • To study the natural population growth

6. Countries and levels of developments

   • Indicators to classify the country
     • Information about the economy
     • The level of social and cultural development
     • Demographic and urban features
   • Classification of countries by development levels
     • Developed countries
       • Per capita GPD is vey hight
       • Hight levels of cultural and development countries
       • Their trade relations often assist with their development
       • They have democratic political systems
       • Rich countries
     • Developing countries
       • Underdevelopment
         • Political instability
         • Very little industrialisation
         • Consumption per capita is very low
         • Depend on developed countries
       • Emerging economies
         • Hight rates of economic growth
         • A level of industrialisation that is sometimes even higher than of developed countries

7. International decision-making bodies

   • The United Nations
     • All states in the world
     • It was created in 1946
     • Functions
       • To provide humanitarian aid
       • To guarantee international security and peace
       • Defend human rights
     • Organs
       • General Assembly
       • Security Council
       • Secretariat
       • International Court of Justice
     • Limitations
       • Depend on financial contributions
       • The enormous power held by the five countries with the power of veto on the Security Council
       • The lack of armed forces
     • Organs
       • Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)
       • International Labour Organisation (ILO)
       • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
       • World Health Organisation (WHO)
       • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
       • United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
   • Non-governamental organisations
     • In the final decades of the 20th century
     • Characteristics
       • Most of their staff work as volunteers
       • They operate independently of any governmental power
       • They deal with a wide variety of problems
       • They are funded by membership fees and contributions from companies, institutions, and individuals
   • Regional organisations
     • The European Union (EU)
     • The African Union (AU)
     • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
     • Organisation of American States (OAS)
   • Informal forums
     • G7 (1973): USA, Japan, Germay, The United Kingdom, Canada, France and Italy
     • BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
   • Economic organisations
     • The World Trade Organisation (WTO)
     • North American Free Trade Agreements (NAFTA)
     • International Monetary Fund (IMF)
     • World Bank

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