1a) .... 2 assumptions of the.....Approach

1a) .... 2 assumptions of the.....Approach

1. BIOLOGICAL

   • Hormones
     • produced in
       • pituitary gland
     • transmit messages around the body
       • via bloodstream
         • slower
         • longerlasting
     • different hormones = different b
     • testosterone
       • aggression
       • males produce more
         • males more aggressive
     • oxytosin
       • love
       • bonding
       • empathy
       • trust
   • Neuro-chemicals
     • carry messages across the synapses between neurons
       • messages sent around nervous system
     • different neurochemicals cause different behaviours
     • serotonin
       • sleep
       • arousal
       • mood
       • optimum levels
         • stimluated
         • happy
       • low levels
         • sluggish
         • depressed

2. PSYCHO-DYNAMIC

   • 3 parts of the mind
     • ID
       • Selfish, animalistic & impulsive
       • Present at birth
       • Seeks immediate gratification of its needs
       • Pleasure principle
     • EGO
       • Reality principle
       • finds realistic, practical ways of balancing the demands of the ID & super-ego
       • develops around the age of 2
     • SUPER EGO
       • moral part of the mind
       • morality principle
         • learned from ones parents or others
       • tells us what is right/wrong, good/bad
       • develops around the ages of 3-6
     • THE ID AND SUPER-EGO ARE AT A STATE OF CONSTANT CONFLICT WHICH CAUSES ANXIETY. THIS IS WHY THE EGO MUST MEDIATE BETWEEN THEM
   • levels of consciousness
     • Conscious
       • always in our awareness
       • ego resides here
         • defence mechanisms
     • unconscious
       • cannot be accessed at any point
       • ID resides here
       • expresses itself through dreams
       • things we can unaware of and cannot be aware of
       • deeply burried memories
       • instincts
     • Pre-conscious
       • not accessible all the time
         • we can dip into it
           • things we could be aware of if we tried
       • Super-ego resides here
       • memories & stored knowlage

3. BEHAVIOURIST

   • Operant conditioning
     • reinforcement & punishment
     • B. more likely to be reapeated if followed by a positive reinforcement
       • skinners rats
         • in a box
         • rewarded for pressing lever
         • rats more likely to press the lever due to the positive reinforcement
   • social modeling/learning
     • observe & copy the b. of others (models)
       • more likely to copy the b. is the model is seen as
         • powerful
         • nuturing
         • similar
     • Bandura
       • established laws of SLT
       • found
         • children in the aggressive cond. were more likely to imitate the behaviour
           • than thoses who witnessed model showing agg

4. COGNITIVE

   • thinking affects behaviour
     • thought patterns
       • rational
         • grounded in reality
         • lead to positive b.
       • irrational
         • more dysfunctional states
         • freind ignores you
           • leads to worry and anxiety
   • internal mental processors
     • humans
       • info processers
       • how info received from our senses is processed by the brain
         • how this processing direct to how we behave
     • 5
       • attention
       • perception
       • memory
         • storage of info about fact, events & skills
       • thinking
       • language