recurrent seizures

recurrent seizures

1. anatomy of the cerebral cortex

2. seizures

   • a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain
   • causes
     • fever
     • trauma
     • infections
     • strokes
     • brain tumor
   • types
     • non -epileptic
     • generalized
     • partial
   • aura
     • a feeling or sensation that a seizure will happen

3. epilepsy

   • central nervous system (neurological) disorder in which brain activity becomes abnormal
     • causing seizures
   • Management
     • differs between generalised , partial and absence seizure
     • Generalised
       • valproic acid
       • lamotrigine
       • topiramate
     • Absence
       • valproic acid
       • ethosuxmide
     • alternatives
       • zonisamide
       • phenytoin
   • Investigations
     • family history
     • examination
     • lab test
     • EEG
   • prognosis
     • Prognosis in epilepsy refers to the probability of either achieving seizure remission (SR)
       • 20-30% excellent prognosis
   • psychological impact
     • on self
       • Grief
     • on family
       • stress
     • on relationship
       • social isolation
       • stigma

4. Pathophysiology of seizures

   • paroxysmal discharges from groups of neurons, which arise
     • as a result of excessive excitation or loss of inhibition

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