Theories and principles of SLA

Theories and principles of SLA

1. Socio Cultural

   • Year 1985
     • Is a theory of human development
       • Based on the work of Vygotsky
         • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1oOhMCpzYZA&ab_channel=ConnerMorgan
           • Methods and approaches
             • Community Language Learning
               • Is based on interaction between learners and knowers
                 • The goal is to strengthen social ties in order to establish a community
             • Task-Based Language Teaching
               • Focuses on asking students to do meaningful tasks using the target language.
                 • Tasks like
                   • Going to the grocery store or visiting a doctor.

2. Cognitivism

   • Year 1990
     • Is a theory which focuses on how we receive information, organize it and how the mind regains it.
       • Based on the work of Piaget and Gattegno
         • Methods and approaches
           • The Silent Way
             • The teacher uses a mixture of silence and gestures to focus students' attention.
               • To encourage them to correct their own errors.
           • Suggestopedia
             • It is based on freeing the individual of stress, shame, nerves and other personal limitations.
               • Since it is believed that this can hinder their ability to learn.

3. Universal Grammar

   • Year 1980
     • Is a theory which states that human beings have innate faculties related to laguage acquisition.
       • Based on the work of Chomsky
         • Methods and approaches
           • Communicative Approach
             • It focuses on that learning language successfully comes through having to communicate real meaning.
           • The Natural Approach
             • It focuses on exposure, or input, rather than practice.
               • Optimizing emotional readiness for learning.
         • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3oq1alCiZQ&ab_channel=GabbyAcademy

4. Behaviorism

   • Year 1940-1970
     • Is a theory which refers to the act of imitation. It believes that “infants learn oral language from other human role models through a process involving imitation, rewards, and practice.
       • Based on the work of Skinner
         • Methods and approaches
           • Total phisical Response
             • It focuses on using physical movement to react to verbal input.
               • With the purpose of creating a brain link between speech and action to increase language and vocabulary learning.
           • Audio-lingual Method
             • It advises that students should learn a language directly.
               • Without using the students' native language to explain new words or grammar.

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