Bone and Skeletal Tissues

Bone and Skeletal Tissues

1. Skeletal Cartilages

   • Chondrocytes housed in lacunae in extracellular matrix
     • Large Amounts of water
     • lacks nerve fibers
     • Avascular
     • Surrounded by fibrous perichondrium
   • Hyaline
     • Appear glassy
     • Collagenous fibers
     • Most abundant skeletal cartilages
     • Flexible and resilient
     • Articular, costal, respiratory and nasal cartilages
   • Elastic
     • abundant elastic fibers w collagen fibers
     • flexible
     • Outer ear and epiglottis
   • Fibrocartilages
     • Thick collagen fibers
     • most compressible cartilages
     • resist stretching
     • intervertebral discs and knee joint cartilages

2. Classification of Bones

   • Long Bones
   • Short Bones
   • Flat Bones
   • Irregular Bones

3. Functions of Bones

   • Support
   • Protection
   • Movement: Levers
   • Mineral and growth factor storage
   • Blood cell formation: Hematopoieses (red marrow)
   • Triglyceride storage
   • Hormone production: osteocalcin

4. Bone Structure

   • Gross anatomy
     • Compact Bone
     • Spongy Bone
     • Shaft
     • Epiphyses
     • Diaphyses
     • Periosteum
     • Endosteum
     • Nutrient Foramina
     • Red marrow
     • Yellow marrow
     • Markings
   • Microscopic anatomy
     • Osteogenic Cells: Osteoprogenitor cells
     • Osteoblasts
     • Osteocyte
     • Osteoclast
     • Osteon
     • Lamella
     • Canals, Canaliculi
     • Lacunae
   • Chemical composition
     • Organic: Cells
     • Inorganic: mineral salts: hydroxyapatites

5. Bone Development

6. Remodeling and Repair

7. Homeostatic Imbalances

8. Bone Markings