INFLAMMATION

INFLAMMATION

1. HEAT

2. PAIN

3. REDNESS

4. SWELLING

5. CAUSED BY PATHOGENS, TRAUMA AND TOXIS

   • EXTERNAL FACTORS
     • NON-MICROBIAL: ALLERGENS, IRRITANTS, TOXIC COMPOUNDS
     • MICROBIAL: VIRULENCE AND PAMPS
   • INTERNAL FACTORS
     • DAMPs: SERIOUS CELL DAMAGE, THEY TRIGGER INFLAMMATION.
       • PRRs CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS OS THE INNATE IMMUNE SYTEM
         • NON SPECIFIC, FAST RESPONSE

6. THE GOAL IS TO RESPOND TO THE STIMULI AND RESTORE BALANCE

7. GRANULOCYTES: NEUTROPHILS, EOSINOPHILS, BASOPHILS, MAST CELLS

   • MAST CELLS: HISTAMINE, SEROTONIN, CYTOKINES, PROSTAGLANDINS AND LEUKOTRIENES
     • SEPARATE ENDOTHELIAL CELLS ON NEARBY CAPILARIES
       • RELEASE NITRIC OXIDE FOR VASODILATION AND VASCULAR PERMEABILITY
     • CYTOKINES CAUSE CAPILLARIES TO ENLARGE AND INCREASE VASCULAR PERMEABILTY
   • AKA EXTRAVASATION
     • LEUKOCYTE FOLLOWS GRADIENT OF INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS
   • NEUTROPHILS PHAGOCYTOSE PATHOGENS

8. AGRANULOCYTES: LYMPHOCYTES AND MONOCYTES WICH CAN DIFFERENTIATE INTO MACROPHAGES OR DENDRITIC CELLS

   • MACROPHAGES EAT ANY INVADING PATHOGENS
   • DENDRITIC CELLS PHAGOCYTOSE PATHOGENS, PRESENT ANTIGENS TO T LUMPPHOCYTES ACTIVATINF THE ADAPTIVE INMMUNE SYTEM